Book Four — Salvation

Summa Contra Gentiles, Book IV. 96 chapters. Translated by Charles J. O’Neil.

Up: Summa Contra Gentiles · Thomas Aquinas

Chapters

1. Foreword
2. That There is Generation, Paternity, and Sonship in the Divinity
3. That the Son of God is God
4. The Opinion of Protinus on the Son of God, and Its Refutation
5. The Opinion of Sabellius on the Son of God, and Its Refutation
6. The Opinion of Arius about the Son of God
7. Refutation of the Opinion of Arius on the Son of God
8. Solution of the Authorities which Arius Proposed for Himself
9. Solution of the Authorities of Photinus and of Sabellius
10. Arguments Against Divine Generation and Procession
11. How Generation is to 13e Understood in Divinity, and What is Said of the Son of God in Scripture
12. How the Son of God May be Called the Wisdom of God
13. Solution of the Arguments Against Divine Generation Previously Introduced
14. On the Holy Spirit, that He is in Divinity
15. Arguments which Made Some Think the Holy Spirit a Creature
16. That the Holy Spirit is True God
17. That the Holy Spirit is a Subsistent Person
18. How One Must Understand What is Said about the Holy Spirit
19. On the Effects Attributed to the Holy Spirit in Scripture Regarding the Whole Creation
20. On the Effects Attributed to the Holy Spirit in Scripture Regarding the Rational Creature, So Far as God’s Gifts to Us are Concerned
21. On the Effects Attributed to the Holy Spirit in that He Moves the Creature to God
22. An Answer to the Arguments Given Above Against the Divinity of the Holy Spirit
23. The Holy Spirit Proceeds from the Son
24. Arguments of Those Who Want to Show that the Holy Spirit Does not Proceed from the Son and the Answers
25. That There are but Three Persons in Divinity: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
26. On Me Incarnation of the Word According to the Tradition of Scripture
27. On the Error of Protinus about the Incarnation
28. On the Error of the Manicheans about the Incarnation
29. The Error of Valentine about the Incarnation
30. On the Error of Apollinaris about the Body of Christ
31. On the Error of Arius and Apollinaris about the Soul of Christ
32. On the Error of Apollinaris, Who Says There Was no Rational Soul in Christ; and the Error of Origen, Who Says the Soul of Christ Was Created Before the World
33. On the Error of Theodore of Mopsueste and Nestorius on the Union of the Word to Man
34. Against the Error of Eutyches
35. On the Error of Macarius of Antioch, Who Holds There is but One Will in Christ
36. Against Those Who Said that the Soul and Body Do not Constitute a Unity in Christ
37. Against Those Who Put Two Supposits or Hypostases in the One Person of Christ
38. What the Catholic Faith Holds about the Incarnation of Christ
39. Objections Against Faith in the Incarnation
40. How One Should Understand the Incarnation of the Son of God
41. That the Assumption of Human Nature Was Most Suited to the Word of God
42. That the Human Nature Assumed by the Word Did not Pre-exist Its Assumption, but Was Assumed in the Conception Itself
43. That the Human Nature Assumed by the Word in the Conception Itself Was Perfect in Soul and Body
44. That it Became Christ To. be Born of a Virgin
45. That Christ Was Born of the Holy Spirit
46. That Christ Was not the Son of the Holy Spi1ut in the Flesh
47. That Christ Must not be Called a Creature
48. Solution of the Arguments Against the Incarnation Given Above
49. That Original Sin is Transmitted from the First Parent to His Descendants
50. Objections Against Original Sin
51. Solution of the Objections Proposed
52. Arguments which Seem to Prove that God’s Incarnation Was not Suitable
53. That it Was Suitable for God to be Made Flesh
54. Answer to the Arguments Previously Set Down Against the Suitability of the Incarnation
55. On the Necessity of the Sacraments
56. The Distinction of the Sacraments of the Old and the New Law
57. On the Number of the Sacraments of the New Law
58. On Baptism
59. On Confirmation
60. On the Eucharist
61. On the Error of the Infidels about the Sacrament of the Eucharist
62. Solution of the Difficulties Set Down: First, about the Conversion of the Bread Him the Body of Christ
63. Solution of the Objections Made Regarding Place
64. Solution of the Objections Regarding Accidents
65. Solution of the Objections Regarding Action and Passion
66. Solution of the Objections Regarding Fraction
67. Solution of the Authority Introduced
68. On the Kind of Bread and Wine that are to be Used in this Sacrament
69. On the Sacrament of Penance, And, First, that Men After Receiving Sacramental Grace are Able to Sin
70. That a Man Sinning After the Grace of the Sacraments Can be Converted by Grace
71. On the Necessity of Penance and of Its Parts
72. On the Sacrament of Extreme Unction
73. On the Sacrament of Orders
74. On the Distinction of Orders
75. On the Episcopal Power and that Therein One is the Highest
76. That the Sacraments Can be Dispensed by Evil Ministers
77. On the Sacrament of Matrimony
78. That Through Christ the Resurrection of Bodies is to Come
79. Objections Against the Resurrection
80. Solution of the Objections Mentioned
81. That Men Will Rise Immortal
82. That Among the Risen There Will be no Use of Food or Sexual Love
83. That the Bodies of Those Who Rise Will be the Same in Nature
84. That the Bodies of the Risen Will Have Another Disposition
85. On the Quality of Glorified Bodies
86. On the Place of the Glorified Bodies
87. On the Sex and Age of the Risen
88. On the Quality of the Risen Bodies Among the Damned
89. How Incorporeal Substances May Suffer from Bodily Fire
90. That Immediately After Their Separation from the Body the Souls Will Receive Punishment or Reward
91. That the Souls of the Saints Have After Death an Unchangeable Will in the Good
92. That After Death the Souls of the Wicked Have a Will Unchangeable in Evil
93. On the Immutability of Will in Souls Detained in Purgatory
94. On the Immutability of Wills Commonly in All Souls After Their Separation from the Body
95. The Last Judgment
96. The State of the World After the Judgment