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Ver. 8. Their land also is full of idols.] As Babylon, “a land of idols”; (Jeremiah 50:38) as Athens, “wholly given to idolatry”; (Acts 17:16) as China is said to have in it at this day a hundred thousand gods. And what shall we think of Popish idols? The word here rendered idols signifieth nihilitates, nothingness; for an idol is nothing in the world. (1 Corinthians 8:4) They worship the work of their own hands.] Scelestum el immane facinus, dirum scelus et execrandum; effraenata et praeceps amentia. See Isaiah 44:15,18.
Ver. 9. And the mean man boweth down.] There is a general conspiracy, and they are altogether become abominable. Lords and lowlies, kings and captives, all sorts were idolaters. Some render it, “Shall be brought down, and shall be humbled.” God loveth to retaliate, to abate and abase man’s pride, by pulling down whatsoever height or strength they confide in. Therefore forgive them not.] A pious prayer doubtless, proceeding from true zeal, which is an extreme heat of all the affections for God’s glory. Ut pius sit in Deum, durus sit in proximum, saith Oecolampadius. Like another Elias he maketh intercession to God against Israel, (Romans 11:2) whom he saw to be incorrigible, and their sin to be irremissible, their judgment unavoidable.
Ver. 10. Enter into the rock, and hide thee,] q.d., Do if thou canst; go where thou thinkest thou mayest be most secret and secure; but God’s hand will surely find thee and ferret thee out, as it did the five kings of Canaan, hid in the cave of Makkedah, (Joshua 10:16,17) and as it did the wretched Jews, who were by the Romans pulled out of their privies and other lurking holes to the slaughter, at the last destruction of Jerusalem. Hoc autem perpetuo invenies apud peccatores, saith Oecolampadius here. This is ever usual with sinful persons, to desire to flee from God, but he meeteth them at every turn, as he did Adam, Cain, Jonah, &c. The safest way is to flee from God’s anger to God’s grace. Bloodletting is a cure of bleeding, and a burn a cure against a burn; and running to God is the way to escape him, as to close and get in with him that would strike you, doth avoid the blow. For fear of the Lord, and for the glory.] Heb., From before the fear of the Lord, and from the glory of his majesty; so the Chaldean and Roman for cesare called. See 2 Thessalonians 1:10, which seemeth to be taken from this text. Dr Rain. A mnemonic term for the first mood of the second figure of syllogisms, in which the major premiss and the conclusion are universal negatives, and the minor a universal affirmative.
Ver. 11. The lofty looks of man shall be humbled.] Ipsi antea tumidi et cervicosi Deum ultorem agnoscent. God shall bring down the haughty from their lofty tops where they have perched themselves, and shall take them a link lower, as they say; pride must have a fall, and no wonder; for whereas other sins flee from God, pride lets fly at him, and hence it is he is so utter an enemy to it. And the Lord alone shall be exalted.] This the heathens also understood; and therefore the Romans would never receive the God of Israel, saith Augustine, because they understood that he would be worshipped alone. Let the gods of the heathens be good fellows; the true God is a jealous God, and will not share his glory with another. In that day.] Nempe statis quasi comitiis (Isaiah 2:17) at the set time. It implieth also, saith one, that God will keep his time to a day. We have a like saying ourselves, A day breaks no square; but it is not so with God. (Exodus 12:40,41) The firstborn were slain at midnight, because just then the four hundred or four hundred and thirty years of their sojourning in Egypt were expired. “In that night was Belshazzar slain,” (Daniel 5:30) because then exactly the seventy years of their captivity were ended. De Consen. Evang., lib. i. cap. 18.
Ver. 12. For the day of the Lord of hosts shall be upon every one that is proud.] These he “knoweth afar off”; (Psalms 138:6) these he “resisteth” as it were in battle array; (James 4:6) these he “casteth down to the ground.” (Psalms 147:6) One of the seven wise men of Greece said that God made it his business to humble the proud, and to lift up the lowly.
Ver. 13. And upon all the cedars of Lebanon.] Which was to the north. Ab Aquilone nihil boni. That are high and lifted up.] No man’s might or height, whether of state or of stature, can secure him in the day of God’s displeasure. And upon all the oaks of Bashan.] Which was to the east, by which way the Chaldees were to come upon them.
Ver. 14. And upon all the high mountains.] Optimates et dynastas designat. Hereby he meaneth the grandees and magnificoes, and all that are puffed up with an opinion of their own power or policy.
Ver. 15. And upon every high tower.] In these the Jews trusted, as sure help in time of distress, but all in vain.
Ver. 16. And upon all the ships of Tarshish.] Or, Of the Mediterranean Sea, the ships whereof were of great bulk and burden, and perhaps were garnished and inlaid with curious pictures, called here pictures of desire: “ Pictasque innare carinas. ’’— Virg.
Ver. 17. And the loftiness of man shall be.] This is oft inculcated, and all little enough to abate and abase the pride of people, and to “bring down every high thought that exalteth itself against the knowledge of God, and the obedience of Jesus Christ.” (2 Corinthians 10:5) This holy fisherman, that he might catch souls, spreads his net, dilates his discourse, telling the proud person over and over what to trust to.
Ver. 18. And the idols he shall utterly abolish.] Their names shall be cut off out of the land, and they shall no more be remembered, (Zechariah 13:2) unless it be with shame and detestation. (Ezekiel 16:61 Psalms 16:4 Hosea 14:8 Isaiah 30:22)
Ver. 19. And they shall go into the holes.] See Isaiah 2:10.
Ver. 20. In that day a man shall cast his idols.] Though never so much worth either for weight or workmanship, for value or elegance; he shall pollute what before he had perfumed. (Isaiah 30:22) To the moles and to the bats.] Caeci caeca caecis, having their eyes opened in that extreme danger; as the mole hath, they say, when the pangs of death are upon her. These, ashamed of their vain confidences, and hasting to hide themselves, shall cast their idols into bycorners, saying, (Isaiah 30:22) “Get you hence.” Moles do all their mischief by working underground, so saith Epiphanius do heretics; but if once they be above ground, they are weak and contemptible creatures. Bats have wings as a bird, and teeth as a beast, being both and yet neither. Such are our vespertilian [bat-like] professors, time serving gospellers, who should do well to cast away either their wings or their teeth; and loathing this bat-like nature, be what they are, either birds or beasts.
Ver. 21. To go into the clefts of the rocks.] See Isaiah 2:10. Only here the double repetition of this dreadful judgment is very emphatic, and may serve to teach preachers to inculcate upon their hearers God’s severity against sinners, and to remind them much of those last things, death, judgment, hell. Utinam ubique de his dissereretur, saith Chrysostom, that excellent preacher. Oh that these things might resound from all pulpits!
Ver. 22. Cease ye from man.] Man or means, human helps and creature comforts; think not that these can secure you from an angry God, or moat you up against his fire. Put not your trust in princes, nor in the son of man, in whom there is no help. His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his dust, in that very day his golden thoughts perish. (Psalms 146:3,4) [See Trapp on “Ps 146:3”] [See Trapp on “Ps 146:4”] Whose breath is in his nostrils.] Every moment ready to puff out, as the Emperor Jovinian’s did; a good emperor, but he reigned only seven months, being stifled, as it is thought, with the smell of his bedchamber newly white-limed, wherein he had commanded a great fire to be made on a cold night. Hence Jerome; -Jovinian, who succeeded Julian the apostate in the empire, whenas yet he had scarce tasted of the goodness of it, faetore prunarum suffocatus interiit, died suffocated with the stench of hot burning coals, declaring to all men what a poor thing man is in his greatest power. The Cardinal of Lorrain was lighted to his lodging and to his long home both at once by a poisoned torch; Pope Adrian IV was choked by a fly getting into his windpipe, A.D. 1159. For wherein is he to be esteemed?] All his power without God is but weakness, all his wisdom folly, all his plenty poverty. What is man, saith a father, but soul and soil? Breath and body; a puff of wind the one, a pile of dust the other—no solidity in either. Abstinete ergo vos ab ipso homine—nam quanti est? What reckoning is to be made of him? Eutrop. Oros. In Epitap. Nepotian. Bevius, De Vit. Pen. Νους και χους.— Greg. Naz.