BR 346 .A2513 1901 Zwingli, Ulrich, 1484-1531. Selected works of Huldreict Zwingli (1484-1531)
SELECTED WORKS ^^^ ^^ Pfi’■^
HULDREICH ZWINGlir^
The Reformer of German Switzerland
The German Works by Lawrence A. McLouth, Professor of German in New
York University, and the Latin by Henry Preble, New York City, and Professor George W. Gilmore, Meadville, Pennsylvania.
Edited with General and Special Introductions and Occasional Notes
SAMUEL MACAULEY JACKSON,
PROFESSOR OF CHURCH HISTORY IN NEW YORK UNIVERSITY; EDITOR OF “THE HEROES OF THE REFORMATION,” AND AUTHOR IN THAT SERIES OF THE LIFE OF HULDREICH ZWINGLI.
University of Pennsylvania
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO.,
91 and 93 Fifth Avenue, New York.
Copyright, 1901,
Samuel Macauley Jackson
This volume presents a selection from the contents of the eight volumes in which the works of Huldreich ZwingH, the Reformer of German Switzerland, are preserved in the only edition now accessible, namely, that published in Zurich between 1828 and 1842, with a supplement in 1861. Egli and Finsler’s edition in the Corpus Reformaiorum is announced but will not be finished for at least ten years. The selection has been made purposely from th.ose papers which had never been translated — at least not in their entirety — into modern German or English. These papers have been arranged in chronological order, and when read consecutively present a, documentary history of several phases of the Zurich Reformation. They have been utilized in my biography of ZwingH, published by G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York city, in the series of ” Heroes of the Reformation,” and are here printed in full by the courtesy of the publishers of the series. As appears, the translations from the Latin were made by Mr. Henry Preble, of this city, and by Prof. George W. Gilmore, and those from the Zurich German by Mr. Lawrence A. McLouth, Professor of German in the New York University. They will be found accurate and spirited, and I am very proud to be able to put into the hands of the English reader for the first time matter of so interesting and important a character. My highest ambition is that Huldreich Zwingli may win in this way a large number of friends. My own part in this new volume is a very modest one. I have made the selections, supplied some introductory matter, and a few notes. Those who would like to read more of the writings of Zwingli I refer to
my biography alluded to above, in which will be found Professor Mc Louth’s translation in full of the sermon upon fasting, preached in the spring of 1522, which was the first published reformation document in Switzerland ; and the Confession of Faith presented by Zwingii at the Diet of Augsburg, 1530, translated by Rev. Henry E. Jacobs, D. D., LL. D., Professor in the Evangelical Lutheran Seminary, Philadelphia, Pa. ; reprinted by permission, from Dr. Jacobs’ edition of the Book of ComorJ, Philadel])hia, the best edition of that important collection and its accompanying documents. Also, I would say that in 1S99, in CoUegeville, Pa., there appeared a translation of Zwingli’s ” Christian Education of Youth,”, by Professor Reichenbach, of Ursinus College, Philadelphia. I am not aware that there are any other accessible English translations of Zwingli’s prose writings, but in my biography appear in English many extracts from Zwingli’s correspondence and from documents bearing upon him.
Samuel Macauley Jackson. New York City, April S, igoi.
Introduction
HuLDREiCH ZwiNGLi was born in the outskirts of the village of Wildhaus, forty miles east by south of Zurich, in Switzerland, on the first of January, 1484. His family on both sides were peasants, but persons of more or less prominence and of high character. His father was the village magistrate and his father’s brother the village priest. This uncle was in 1487 transferred to a higher position at Wesen, upon the Lake of Walenstadt, twelve miles to the southwest of Wildhaus, and took Zwingli with him. So there the child received his first book learning, and then he was sent by his uncle, who was providentially a friend of the New Learning, to Bern, Vienna and Basel for school and university training. In 1506 Zwingli, who had just taken the degree of Master of Arts at the University of Basel, became the priest of the parish of Glarus, about seven miles south of Wesen. There he remained ten years, and would have stayed much longer, probably, had it not been that his very vigorous attacks upon the mercenary military service of the Swiss, which service he recognized as a disgrace to his country and a sure and swift means of their moral ruin, awakened so much opposition on the part of the principal families in the Canton, who were interested in hiring out these mercenaries, that he was compelled to leave. He next appears as preacher in the famous monastery of Einsiedeln, in which is the Chapel of Meinrad, containing the wonder-working wooden image of the Virgin and Child. Thousands of pilgrims have every year for a millennium visited this sacred spot, and among them have been the most distinguished in the Church. When Zwingli went there he was already a fine scholar, an admired
6 Introduction
preacher and a recognized patriot. He inspired high and low with respect, and easily made the acquaintance of the cardinals and bishops and learned men who came in a continuous stream to the shrine. He also read diligently the books he found in the remarkably rich library of the monastery. Thus was he prepared for the prominent part he was destined to play. After two years he was called to the principal church of Zurich, and there he maintained himself as preacher and reformer and author for the rest of his life.
When he began his preaching in Zurich he had apparently no profound spiritual conceptions. He was an extremely pleasant, witty and agreeable man, and had a host of friends, for whose advantage he was ready at any time to do his best, so that he fastened them to himself as with hooks of steel. He was moreover a friend of the New Learning and felt the breath of the new era. He had been taught by Wyttenbach and Erasmus that the traditional church theology had very small basis in the Bible ; had also come to the conclusion that the Bible was the great source of theolog}’, so had been reading attentively the New Testament in the original Greek, and had even begun the study of Hebrew in order that he might get at the meaning of the Old Testament at first hand. In his zeal to drink in the water of life from the fountain he even had gone so far as to commit to memory the Epistles of St. Paul in (ireek. From the beginning of his Zurich ministry he sliowed himself well acquainted with the text of Scripture, and able to quote it at pleasure. He began his preaching in Zurich with a contmuous exposition of the Gospel of Matthew, and went on to expound other New Testament “books in the same way. Living thus in the hearing of the divine oracles, thinking much upon their utterances, he was one of the first upon whom the vision of the purer, more unshackled, less hide-bound church fell. And without passing through any profound spiritual experience, entering rather as a devout scholar than as a religious enthusiast into the temple of God, he arrived at those concep-
INTRODUCTION. y tions of the truth which bear the name of Protestant. It was his exposure of the unbiblical character of much of the teachings ajid ceremonies of the Roman Church which roused the people of Zurich into open revolt against that church, and it was the distressing rumor of the probable defection of the Zurich people which was the occasion of the visit of the delegation from the Bishop of Constance, which is described in the first paper in this volume.
In this volume Zwingli is exhibited in various relations as leader in reform and the defense of reform. Thus the earnest petition (1522) which Zwingli wrote, to allow priests to marry, showed how enforced celibacy hindered holy living. The First Disputation (1523) showed the popularity of the proposed reforms. The Marriage Ordinance (1525) is a contribution to the history of the times. The reply to the Baptist arguments and exposure of their social disorders (1527), for the Baptists were the disturbers of the standing order in Zurich and fomenters of no one end of trouble for the, Reformers there and in Germany, and the treatment they received, showed how far the Reformers were from being ready to grant to others the freedom of speech they exercised themselves. Still the Baptists were attacked on grounds of state polity rather than religiously.
The busy life of Zwingli, on whom fell the burden of directing the churches which received his leadership, was cut short by a violent death. He was involved in the struggle between the Forest cantons (Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Luzern, Zug) up amid the mountains of Northern Switzerland, which were intensely Old Church, and the Reformed cantons (chiefly Zurich and Bern) . The former would not gi^nt freedom to gospel pieaching, so the latter in punishment cut them oil from necessary supplies, as they could do, since they commanded the commerce of the country. This brought matters to a crisis, and the opposing cantons met at Cappel, only 10 miles south of Zurich, October II, 1 53 1. Zwingli, as chief city pastor, went to the field as a
8 Introduction
non-combatint, although armed for defense, and perished the same day. He was a good man, a valiant fighter for the truth as he conceived it, and the Reformed churches, as contrasted with the Lutheran churches, look to him as one of their great founders.
Tablk Ok Contknts
Preface , 3 iNTRODUCl’ION 5
I. Visit of the Episcopal Delegation to Zurich, April, 1522 9
II. The Petition of Eleven Priests to be Allowed to Marry, July,
III. The Acts of the First Zurich Disputation, January, 1523 40
IV. Zurich Marriage Ordinance, 1525 .’ 118
V. Refutation of the Tricks of the Catabaptists, 1527 * 123
- This is the literal rendering of the title of the Treatise, but as the Baptists are meant called them so on p. 123. Subsequent reflection led me to think it would have been better to have kept the original form, but the book being printed from type I was not able to restore the correct title in this edition. «