Secondly, since Sir Vicar pretends that human ordinance and teaching are to be held, this also is not written in the Gospel; he refers to St. Paul to the Thessalonians, where he writes: Therefore, brethren, stand fast and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word or our epistle.” I say Paul did not speak, teach, write or instruct in anything except what the Lord had ordered him. For he testifies everywhere, - and also proves it to be true, to have written or preached naught except the Gospel of Christ, which God had promised before in the Scriptures of His Son through the prophets.
Vicar
Master Ulrich, you said in your Articles that the mass is no offering. Now I shall prove that for 1400 years ‘ missal” has been considered a sacrifice and called an offering. For missa” is a Hebrew word, known by us as sacrifice, and also the apostles were known as missam sacrificium.”
Zwingli: Sir Vicar, prove that. Vicar: To-day I spoke as a Vicar; now I speak as a John. Zwingli: Yes indeed; had you long before to-day taken off your vicar’s hat it would have suited you well at times to-day; then one could have spoken
[[^^ And the traditions do not disagree with the Scriptures, so that when]
[the apostles wrote one thing another was opposed to it.” (Bullinger.)]]
with you as with a John. I say that you should prove from the Scriptures that the mass is a sacrifice, for, as St. Paul says, Heb. ix. 12, 25, 26, Christ not more than once was sacrificed, not by other blood, but by his own blood he entered once into the holy place,” etc., nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high priests in the Old Testament had to do for the sin of the people, for then must Christ often have suffered. Likewise, St. Paul writes, Heb. x. 12, 14, But this man after he had offered one sacrifice forever sat down on the right hand of God.” Likewise, For by one offering he hath perfected forever them that are sanctified.” Likewise, By so much does this sacrifice surpass the sacrifices in the Old Testament fulfilled by the high priest, by so much more powerful is this declared to be that it was sufficient once for the sins of all people. Heb. vii. 22-27. Who is so unreasonable as not to note that Christ must never be sacrificed in the mass as a sacrifice for us when he hears that the
[[Hans Hab remarks: Faber attacked the Articles severely, but could]
[not prove that they are unchristian. It happened thus, when after din-]
[ner the decision was read: Just like the peasant boys, you first began in]
[earnest after the matter was closed, and even then you did not wish to]
[attack any Article, to make it unchristian by means of the Scriptures, as]
[you attacked them, but you raised the Articles in your own hand and said:]
[Now I do not wish to speak as a vicar, but as a John, and I say, Master Ulrich,]
[that your Articles are not like unto the truth, and are not based upon the Gos-]
[pel and the writings of the apostles.” Zwingli answered: ’ Sir Vicar, if you]
[had taken off your hat long ago one could have treated about something. But]
[in answer to your speech I spoke thus: You shall prove your wicked speech]
[with the deed, and do well and attack only one Article, so that we may not let]
[this day pass by uselessly, for so well are these Articles founded that heaven]
[and earth must break sooner than one of these Articles. Upon this you an-]
[swered, as always before, this was not the place to debate, but you wished to]
[debate in writing and have judges. Thereupon Zwingli answered he was]
[indifferent whether one noted down everything that was spoken, but he wanted]
[no judge over the word of God, for the word of God should judge the people,]
[and not the people the word of God. About that you teased Zwingli, whether]
[he would not take those of Zürich as judges? Zwingli replied, no—so muck]
[at this time, although much was still added thereto.” (Gyrenrupfen.”)]]
Holy Ghost speaks from the Scriptures, For not more than once (semel) by one offering he entered into the holy place; otherwise he must die often? Now matters have come to such a state that the papists have made out of the mass a sacrifice for the living and dead, contrary to the joyful Scriptures of God; they wish to protect this also, so that they may defend their name of scholar or their avarice. We also know well that missa” does not come from Hebrew or Greek; but you present nothing from the Scriptures.
Vicar
I will do that and prove it before the universities, where learned judges sit. And choose a place, be it Paris, Cologne or Freiburg, whichever you please; then I shall overthrow the Articles presented by you and prove them to be wrong. ZWINGLI.
I am ready, wherever you wish, as also to-day I offered to give answer at Constance, if a safe conduct (as to you here) is promised to me and respected. But no judge I want, except the Scriptures, as they have been said and spoken by the Spirit of God; no human being, whichsoever it be; and before you overthrow one Article the earth must be overthrown, for they are ’ the Word of God.
Vicar
This is a queer affair. When, e. g., two are quarreling about an acre or about a meadow, they are sent before a judge. Him they also accept, and you refuse to allow these matters to come before a judge. How would this be if I should propose that you take my lords of Zurich as judges? Would you not accept these and allow them to judge?
Zwingli
In worldly affairs and in quarrels I know well that one should go before the judges with the disputes, and I also would choose and have as judges my lords of Zurich, since they possess justice.
But in these matters, which pertain to divine wisdom and truth, I will accept no one as judge and witness except the Scriptures, the Spirit of God speaking from the Scriptures.
Vicar
How would it be if you chose a judge and I also one, both impartial, be it here or somewhere else, would you not be satisfied what these two recognized and pronounced as true sentence?
Hereupon Sir Fritz von Anwyl, major-domo of the bishop of Constance, spoke:
Must we then all believe as those two, and not hold otherwise? Hereupon there was a laugh, so that the vicar became silent and answered nothing. But when it had again become quiet the vicar spoke thus:
Christ in the Gospel says, Matt. xxviii. 20, He will remain with us even unto the end of the world. In another place [Matt.], xxvi. 11, he says: “For ye have the poor always with you; but me ye have not always.” Now if there were no one who decided concerning these sayings, who could know how one should grasp these two sayings thus opposed to each other? One must then have a judge.
Zwingli
The Spirit of God decided itself from the Scriptures that the Lord is speaking of two kinds of presences, of the corporal and the spiritual. ‘The Scripture speaks evidently of the corporal presence or bodily attendance of Christ, and declares that Christ died, was buried, arose on the third day, and having ascended to the heavens sits on the right of his Father. Hence one notices readily from the Scriptures how one shall understand that when the Lord says: Me ye have not always.” In the same fashion, when He says He will remain with us even unto the end of the world, the Scriptures teach that Christ is the word of God, the wisdom, the will of his heavenly Father, the truth, the way, the
I shall not be with you always, and then.’ ( Bullinger.)
light, the life of all believers. Therefore one evidently sees that spiritually he remains with us unto the end of the world. Hence one needs no other judge besides the divine Scriptures; the only trouble is that we do not search and read them with entire earnestness.
Thereupon Dr. Martin of Tübingen speaks, saying:
You interpret the Scriptures thus according to your judgment, another interprets them another way; hence there must always be people who decide these things and declare the correct meaning of the Scriptures, as this is symbolized by the wheels of Ezekiel.
Zwingli
I do not understand the Scriptures differently than it is interpreted by means of the Spirit of God; there is no need of human judgment.f We know that the ordinance of God is spiritual, Rom. vii. 14, and is not to be explained by the reasoning of man in the flesh. For the corporal man in the flesh does not understand the things which are of the Spirit of God. 1 Cor. ii. 14. Therefore I do not wish to have or accept a man as judge of the Scriptures.
Vicar
Arius and Sabelius would still walk on earth or rule if the matters had not been brought before judges.
Zwingli
I shall do as the fathers, who also conquered by means of the
[[In regard to the quotation from Matt. xxviii. 20, Zwingli gave you]
[(Faber) the following answer: It is true that Christ has promised to remain]
[with us to the end of the world. That he also keeps his promise faithfully,]
[ye pious brethren in Jesus Christ, you should have no doubt. God is with us]
[probably as with no council. For we keep His word, and seek the truth from]
[his word alone. Those who do that, God is with them.” (Luchsinger in]
[Gyrenrupfen.”)]. t[”The Scriptures-decide themselves in the presence of men.” (Bull-]
[inger. )] P Bee e ον ρὲ]
Scriptures, not by means of human understanding. For when they were disputing with Arius they did not accept men, but the Scriptures, as judges, as one finds. When Arius said it is also proven by the Scriptures, as he thought, that the Son of God is less than the Father, John xiv. 28, the dear fathers sought the Scriptures, allowing them to judge, and showed that it was written, John x. 30, “1 and my Father are one.” Also, xiv. 9, 10, He that hath seen me hath seen the Father. Believest thou not that I am in the Father and the Father in me?” Also, The Father that dwelleth in me, he doeth tbe works.” Such declarations of the Scriptures the dear fathers considered, and showed that Christ had two natures, human and divine, and proved by the Scriptures, not by the judgment of men, that the saying which Arius quoted, The Father is more than I, referred to the humanity of Christ and the later savings spoke of the Godhead, as was shown by the Scriptures themselves, and the Scriptures interpreted the Scriptures, not the fathers the Scriptures. Thus St. Augustine overcame the Arians, Manicheans, etc.; Jerome the Jovians, Pelagians; Cyprian his opponents and heretics, at the
[[ Did you not also hear that thereupon Zwingli answered: A council never]
[overcame a heretic except with the Scriptures, for it would have been useless if]
[one had tried to overcome Arius in another fashion except by the Scripture.]
[Hence he also stood there, demanding that one listen to the Scriptures in]
[regard to all the Articles; these should be judges over him, and according to]
[that he would allow all Christians to recognize not only several, but all, whether]
[he had used the Scriptures rightly or not; and he asked who was judge between]
[Hilary and Arians, between Jerome and Jovian, between Augustine and the]
[Manicheans; with nothing besides the Scriptures they proved their cause, and]
[thus allowed it to come before all people without a single judge. And what]
[you attacked afterwards, just as if he had boasted of great abilities, that you]
[invented. For Zwingli spoke of the rest who were there thus: There are in]
[the hall probably men as learned in Hebrew, Greek and Latin as at Tübingen,]
[Basel, Freiburg and elsewhere.” (Hans Hab in Gyrenrupfen.”) He adds]
[thereto: Zurich has probably as many people learned in the three languages]
[as he and his papists in a heap, and who understand the Scriptures better than]
[those at Lyon and Paris.”’ ]]
same time with books referred to and Scriptures quoted, so that! the Scriptures, and not they, were the judges. The Scriptures are so much the same everywhere, the Spirit of God flows so abundantly, walks in them so joyfully, that every diligent reader, in so far as he approaches with humble heart, will decide by means of the Scriptures, taught by the Spirit of God, until he attains the truth. For Christ whenever he argued with the learned Jews and Pharisees referred to the Scriptures, saying: Search the Scriptures.” John v. 39. Also, What is written in the law.” Luke x. 26, etc. Therefore I say the matter needs no human judge. But that at various times such matters generally have been brought before human judges and universities is the reason that the priests no longer desired to study, and paid greater attention to wantonness, at times to chess, than reading the Bible. Hence it came about that one considered those scholars and chose them as judges who had attracted unto themselves only the appearance or diploma of wisdom, who knew naught concerning the right Spirit of God or the Scriptures. But now through the grace of God the divine Gospel and Scriptures have been born and brought to light by means of print (especially at Basel), so that they are in Latin and German, wherefrom every pious Christian who can read or knows Latin can easily inform himself and learn the will of God. This has been attained, God be praised, that now a priest who is diligent may learn and know as much in two or three years concerning the Scriptures as formerly many in ten or fifteen years. “Therefore I wish all the priests who have benefices under my lords of Zurich or in their counties, and have them exhorted that each one is diligent. and labors to read the Scriptures, and especially those who are preachers and caretakers of the soul,let each one buy a New Testament in Latin, or in German, if he does not understand the Latin or is unable to interpret it. For I also am not ashamed to read German at times, on account of easier presentation. Let one begin to read first the gospel of St. Matthew, especially the
v., vi. and vii. chapters. After that let him read the other gospels, so that he may know what they write and say. After that he should take the Acts. After this the epistles of Paul, but first the one to the Galatians. Then the epistle of St. Peter and other divine texts; thus he can readily form within himself a right Christian life, and become more skillful to teach this better to others also. After that let him work in the Old Testament, in the prophets and other books of the Bible, which, I understand, are soon to appear in print in Latin and German. Let one buy such books, and never mind the sophistical and other empty writings, also the decree and work of the papists, tell and preach to the pe»ple the holy Gospel, written by the four evangelists and apostles, then the people will become more willing and skillful in leading a peaceful Christian life. For matters have reached such a state that also the laymen and women know more of the Scriptures than soi»e priests and clergymen.
Thereupon spoke a priest, decan of Glattfelden:
Shall one then not read Gregory or Ambrose, or cite their writings in the pulpit, but only the Gospel?
Zwingli
Yes, you may read them. And when you find something written therein which is like the Gospel or quoted from the Gospel, there is no need of using Gregory or Ambrose, but one first of all honors Christ and says, this the Gospel or Scriptures tell us. And this is not only my opinion, but Gregory or Ambrose is also of this opinion. For the dear fathers themselves confirm their writings with the Gospel and Scriptures, and where they depeud upon their own thoughts they err readily an generally.
Another priest, by name Hans v. Schlieren, asks:
But what shall he do who has a small benefice and not suff cient wherewith he could buy such books, the Testament? I have a poor little benefice; it is also necessary for me to speak.
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Zwingli
There is, if God wills, no priest so poor but he cannot buy a Testament, if he likes to learn. Somewhere he will find a pious citizen and other people who will buy him a Bible, or otherwise advance the money so that he can pay for one.
After this the vicar began to speak roughly, saying:
Very well, Master Ulrich. I say that your Articles, as these are noted down, are opposed to the Gospel and St. Paul, also not in harmony unto the truth. That I offer to prove in writing or orally, wherever you please. Choose for yourself judges for these matters, to render a decision therein, in whichever place suits you, then I shall prove to you in writing or orally that your Articles, which appeared in print, are untruthful and opposed to the Gospel.
Zwingli
Do that, when and wherever you please, and the quicker and. sooner the more agreeable and satisfactory it is to me. Write against my Articles or opinions whenever you wish, or argue against them wherever you please. Why don’t you do it here, right now? Attack one of my opinions, since you say they are opposed to the Gospel and St. Paul; try to prove them wrong and false. I say, Vicar, if you can do that, and prove one of my Articles false by means of the Gospel, I will give you a rabbit cheese. Now let’s hear it. I shall await it.
Vicar
A rabbit cheese, what is that? I need no cheese. All is also not written in the Gospel that is unrighteous and opposed to Christ; 1 where do you find in the Gospel that one shall not have his daughter or his sister’s daughter to wife?
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[Zwingli was or ten years (1506-1516), was then and is still noted for]
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Zwingll
It is also not written that a cardinal shall have thirty benefices.. Master Erasmus v. Stein, canon at Zurich, said: It is written in Leviticus, and is forbidden. Answers the vicar, saying: Erasmus, you will not find it, although you search long for it. One could still live a friendly, peaceful and virtuous life even if there were no Gospel. always did with his ridiculing and other things, which for the sake of peace I shall not repeat?” (Faber.) Conrad Aescher answers: ‘Zwingli has treated the matter with such earnestness that he could not have been more in earnest; to be sure he had to laugh with the rest when you came with your old tales, which we tailors and shoemakers had also learned long ago. But you act like all bad women, blame other people for what they do themselves. Nobody began his speeches with more ridiculing than you; why you smiled so friendly that we were afraid that the stove of the room would become so attached to you that it would run after you. Zwingli has said nothing shameful’ór immodest, but you have, when you said, where is it forbidden in the Bible that a father may not marry his daughter? and when you said one could live righteously even without the Gospel,” etc. ( Gyrenrupfen.”)] [At the end of your account you made the false statement that I said one might still live in a friendly, peaceful and virtuous way even if there were no Gospel. Do you think I am mad, and speak only in unchristian fashion thus? especially as before that I made such a speech in praise of the Gospel, and in my book against Martin Luther I praised so highly and emphasized the Gospel, etc.? And you dare to accuse me of these words which in my life I never thought of? Where were you sitting that you could hear what I said? While several were then speaking every one arose and went away, and no one sitting could have heard me. Do you wish to to know what in the hum of voices, as the people were getting up and leaving, I said? Thus I spoke: One may preach the Gospel and still keep the peace. Zwingli thought it could not be, so I declared it could be. Thus you misquote me. Did not the Gospel come with the peace and the peace with the Gospel? But you say only: God has not sent peace upon earih.” (Faber.) Hans Hager answered him: Why, how can you deny what one can witness and prove with so many true men, so that I offer to prove it before my lords of Zurich at whatever hour and moment you will? I do not say that it occurred at the end, because it did not occur at the end. It may also have happened to Erhard [Hegenweld] that he forgot it until the end. What does that matter?” — «aid it, ὁ watter when you said it. What does that matters long as you had to lie? (Gyrenrupfen.)].
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Zwingli
You will find in Leviticus xviii. that relationship of marriage with collateral lines, and even further than the sisters, is forbidden And if the distant and further removed member of the house or blood relationship is forbidden, then much more is the nearest forbidden and not allowed, as you may read in Lev. xviii. 17. I pity you that you come with such foolish or useless and thoughtless remarks, and thus.cause offense among the people. That is to give real scandal and vexation to your neighbor. You could have kept that silent and opposed me with other writings; it would have been more worthy of you.
Now every one arose, and nothing more was said at that time; every one went to where he had something to attend to.
It was also said by the mayor of Zurich, as is afterwards written: The sword, with which the pastor of Fislisbach, captured at Constance, was stabbed, does not wish to appear. The aforesaid mayor remarks that the vicar had not yet shown any Scripture with which he boasted to have overcome the aforesaid lord of Fislisbach.
There also spoke the worthy Mr. R., abbot of Cappel, saying: Where are they now who wish to burn us at the stake and bring wood; why do they not step forward now?
That is the sum and substance of all actions and speeches at the assembly of Zurich, etc. before the assembled council, where also other doctors and gentlemen were present on account of the praiseworthy message of the bishop of Constance and [““And were very tired of the irrelevant quotations and speeches of the Vicar.” (Bullinger.)]
t Wolfgang Roupli (or Joner), son of the mayor of Frauenfeld; became abbot 1521; accepted the Reformation and reformed his monastery. Ie called there Bullinger, who was Zwingl’s successor, as teacher of the cloister school, 1522.
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Master Ulrich Zwingli, canon and preacher at the great cathedral of Zurich, which (assembly) occurred at the time and on the day, as stated above, in the year 1523, on the 29th day of Janu-
The Sixty-seven Articles of Zwingll
The articles and opinions below, I, Ulrich Zwingli, confess to have preached in the worthy city of Zurich as based upon the Scriptures which are called inspired by God, and I offer to protect and conquer with the said articles, and where I have not now correctly understood said Scriptures I shall allow myself to be taught better, but only from said Scriptures.
I. All who say that the Gospel is invalid without the confirmaA tion of the Church err and slander God. _
II. The sum and substance of the Gospel is that our Lord Jesus Christ, the true Son of God, has made known to us the wil of his heavenly Father, and has with his innocence released us from death and reconciled God.
III. Hence Christ is the only way to salvation for all who ever were, are and shall be.
IV. Who seeks or points out another door errs, yea, he is a murderer of souls and a thief.
v. 1. Hence all who consider other teachings equal to or higher than the Gospel err, and do not know what the Gospel is.
v. 1. For Jesus Christ is the guide and leader, promised by God to all human beings, which promise was fulfilled.
v. 11. That he is an eternal salvation and head of all believers, who are his body, but which is dead and can do nothing without him.
v. 111. From this follows first that all who dwell in the head are members and children of God, and that is the church or communion of the saints, the bride of Christ, Ecclesia catholica. IX. Furthermore, that as.the members of the body can do nothing without the control of the head, so no one in the body ΟΣ Christ can do the least without his head, Christ.
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X. As that man is mad whose limbs (try to) do something without his head, tearing, wounding, injuring himself; thus when,the members of Christ undertake something without their head, Christ, they are mad, and injure and burden themselves with unwise ordinances.
XI. Hence we see in the clerical (so-called) ordinances, concerning their splendor, riches, classes, titles, laws, a cause of all foolishness, for they do not also agree with the head.
XII. Thus they still rage, not on account of the head (for that one is eager to bring forth in these times from the grace of God,) but because one will not let them rage, but tries to compel them to listen to the head.
XIII. Where this (the head) is hearkened to one learns clearly and plainly the will of God, and man is attracted by his spirit to him and changed into him.
XIV. Therefore all Christian people shall use their best diligence that the Gospel of Christ be preached alike everywhere. XV. For in the faith rests our salvation, and in unbelief our damnation; for all truth is clear in him.
XVI. In the Gospel one learns that human doctrines and decrees do not aid in salvation.
About the Pope
XVII. That Christ is the only eternal high priest, wherefrom it follows that those who have called themselves high priests have opposed the honor and power of Christ, yea, cast it out.:
About the Mass
XVIII. That Christ, having sacrificed himself once, is to eter-! nity a certain and valid sacrifice for the sins of all faithful, where- from it follows that the mass is not a sacrifice, but is a remem- ἶ brance of the sacrifice and assurance of the salvation which Christ! has given us. XIX. That Christ is the only mediator between God and us.
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About the Intercession of the Saints
XX. That God desires to give us all things in his name, whence it follows that outside of this life we need no mediator. except himself.
XXI. That when we pray for each other on earth, we do so in such fashion that we believe that all things are given to us through Christ alone.
About Good Works
XXII. That Christ is our justice, from which follows that our works in so far as they are good, so far they are of Christ, but in so far as they are ours, they are neither right nor good.
Concerning Clerical Property
XXIII. That Christ scorns the property and pomp of this world, whence from it follows that those who attract wealth to themselves in his name slander him terribly when they make him a pretext for their avarice and wilfullness.
Concerning the Forbidding of Food
XXIV. That no Christian is bound to do those things which God has not decreed, therefore one may eat at all times all food, wherefrom one learns that the decree about cheese and butter is a Roman swindle.
About Holiday and Pilgrimage
XXV. That time and place is under the jurisdiction of Christian people, and man with them, wherefrom is learnt that those who fix time and place deprive the Christians of their liberty.
About Hoods, Dress, Insignia
XXVI. That God is displeased with nothing so much as with hypocrisy; whence is learnt that all is gross hypocrisy and profligacy which is mere show before men. Under this condemnation fall hoods, insignia, plates, etc. —
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About Order and Sects
XXVII. That all Christian men are brethren of Christ and brethren of one another, and shall create no father (for themselves) on earth. Under this condemnation fall orders, sects, brotherhoods, etc.
About the Marriage of Ecclesiasts
XXVIII. That all which God has allowed or not forbidden is righteous, hence marriage is permitted to all human beings.
XXIX. That all who are called clericals sin when they do not protect themselves by marriage after they have become conscious that God has not enabled them to remain chaste.
About the Vow of Chastity
XXX. That those who promise chastity [outside of matrimony] take foolishly or childishly too much upon themselves, whence is learnt that those who make such vows do wrong to the pious. being.:
About the Ban
XXXI. That no special person can impose the ban upon any one, but the Church, that is the congregation of those among whom the one to be banned dwells, together with their watchman, 7.., the pastor.
XXXII. That one may ban only him who gives public offence.
About Illegal Property
XXXIII. That property unrighteously acquired shall not be. given to temples, monasteries, cathedrals, clergy or nuns, but to the needy, if it cannot be returned to the legal owner.
About Magistry
XXXIV. The spiritual (so-called) power has no justification for its pomp in the teaching of Christ.
XXXV. But the lay has power and confirmation from the deed and doctrine of Christ.
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THE FIRST ZURICH DISPUTATION. IIS XXXVI. All that the spiritual so-called state claims to have of power and protection belongs to the lay, if they wish to be Christians.
XXXVII. To them, furthermore, all Christians owe obedience without exception.
XXXVIII. In so far as they do not command that which is contrary to God.
XXXIX. Therefore all their laws shall be in harmony with the divine will, so that they protect the oppressed, even if he does not complain.
XL. They alone may put to death justly, also, only those who give public offence (if God is not offended let another thing be commanded).
XLI. If they give good advice and help to those for whom they must account to God, then these owe to them bodily assistance. XLII. But if they are unfaithful and transgress the laws of Christ they may be deposed in the name of God.
XLIII. In short, the realm of him is best and most stable who rules in the name of God alone, and his is worst and most unstable who rules in accordance with his own will.
About Prayer
XLIV. Real petitioners call to God in spirit and truly, without great ado before men.
XLV. Hypocrites do their work so that they may be seen by men, also receive their reward in this life.
XLVI. Hence it must always follow that church-song and outcry without devoutness, and only for reward, is seeking either fame before the men or gain.
: About Offence
XLVII. Bodily death a man should suffer before he offend or scandalize a Christian. EE
XLVIII. Who through stupidness or ignorance is offended with-
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out cause, he should not be left sick or weak, but he should be made strong, that he may not consider as a sin which is not a sin. XLIX. Greater offence I know not than that one does not allow priests to have wives, but permits them to hire prostitutes. Out upon the shame!
About Remittance of Sin
T L. God alone remits sin through Jesus Christ, his Son, and alone our Lord.
LI. Who assigns this to creatures detracts from the honor of God and gives it to him who is not God; this is real idolatry.
LII. Hence the confession which is made to the priest or neighbor shall not be declared to bea remittance of sin, but only a seeking for advice.
LIII. Works of penance coming from the counsel of human beings (except the ban) do not cancel sin; they are imposed as a menace to others.
LIV. Christ has borne all our pains and labor. Hence whoever assigns to works of penance what belongs to Christ errs and slanders God.
LV. Whoever pretends to remit to a penitent being any sin would not be a vicar of God or St. Peter, but of the devil.
LVI. Whoever remits any sin only for the sake of money is the companion of Simon and Balaam, and the real messenger of the devil personified.: ς ABOUT PURGATORY. LVII The true divine Scriptures know naught about purgatory after this life. 5 LVIII. The sentence of the dead is known to God only. LIX. And the less God has let us know concerning it, the less we should undertake to know about it. LX. That man earnestly calls to God to show mercy to the dead I do not condemn, but to determine a period of time there-
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About the Priesthood
LXI. About the consecration which the priests have received in late times the Scriptures know nothing.
LXII. Furthermore, they know no priests except those who proclaim the word of God.
LXIII. They command honor should be shown, 7.., to furnish them with food for the body.
About the Cessation of Misusages
LXIV. All those who recognize their errors shall not be allowed to suffer, but to die in peace, and thereafter arrange in a Christian manner their bequests to the Church.
LXV. Those who do not wish to confess, God will probably take care of. Hence no force shall be used against their body,, unless it be that they behave so-criminally that one cannot do without that. i d
LXVI. All the clerical superiors shall at once settle down, and with unanimity set up the cross of Christ, not the money-chests, or they will perish, for I tell thee the ax is raised against the tree. LXVII. If any one wishes conversation with me concerning interest, tithes, unbaptized children or confirmation, I am willing to answer.
Let no one undertake here to argue with sophistry or human foolishness, but come to the Scriptures to accept them as the judge (foras cares! the Scriptures breathe the Spirit of God), so that the truth either may be found, or if found, as I hope, retained. Amen.
Thus may God rule.:
The basis and commentary of these articles will soon appear in print. 3
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IV. Ordinance and Notice. How Matters Con-Cerning Marriage Shall Be Conducted in “the C1ty of Zurich
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