[September 7th, 1862.]
I. The fact that we are dependent is assumed in all religions. It is one of those truths which is practically admitted, even when theoretically denied. It is admitted by Deists, Israelites, Pantheists, as well as by Rationalists and Pelagians, diverse as their theories are.
II. As to the nature of this dependence, there are two extremes. First, some refer it only to the existence and subsistence of second causes, and not to their operation or their effects. Second, others exclude second causes and merge all things into God.
The Scriptures teach that there is a two-fold dependence of man upon God; first, as creature, and second, as believer; as to his natural and as to his spiritual life. These are very different. The one has reference to our relation to the providential efficiency of God, the other to his spiritual influence.
III. As to our dependence on God as creatures, or as to the relation between God and the world, the Scriptures teach; 1st. That the world owes its existence to God. 2d. Its continuance in being is also owing to him. 3d. It nevertheless has a real existence, and that second causes have a real efficiency of their own. 4th. In the exercise of that efficiency there is (1) a general superintendence and control, so that where there is design there is mind present and active; and (2) an ordering of second causes for specific ends; so that whether there shall be rain or drought, abundance or want, success or defeat depends upon the will of God, and not on the mere operation of second causes.
IV. As to our dependence upon God spiritually, the Scriptures teach 1st. that the origin of spiritual life and its continuance is not due to any natural law. It is not brought about in the way of nature. There was a great difference between the dependence of a healthy man for the exercise of sight and the dependence of a blind man upon Christ for the restoration of vision. So we are dependent upon God for the origin of spiritual life as something supernatural. 2d. The Scriptures teach that we are dependent for the continuance and exercise of this spiritual life; 3d. that we are dependent for the success of our efforts to benefit others. Here our dependence is absolute. 4th. But the supplies of divine influence are made in the use of appropriate means. Those means cannot be neglected. If faithfully used, they are always more or less blessed.
Inferences. 1. We should constantly recognize this doctrine, and not feel and act as though we were independent of God and could do without him. 2. We should earnestly seek his presence and aid. 3. Avoid grieving his Spirit.
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