Please Do Not Remove Cards or Slips from This Pocket
University of Toronto Library
Miscellaneous Writings
Edited For
REV. JOHN EDMUND COX, M.A., F.S.A.,
Of All Souls’ College, Oxford, Curate and Lecturer of Stepney
Camftrftrge:
Printed At
The University Press
M.dccc.xlvi
Jan 12 1966
Edited For
RKV. JOHN EDMUND COX, M.A., F.9.A.,
()!• ALL SOULS’ COI.I.KOF,, OXKOUD, Cl’KATK AND LlCTl’RMl O) STKPNKY,
Volume the Second
CambriUge:
Printed At
The University Peess
M.dccc.xlyi
Archbishop of Canterbury
jfor tbe f ublttation of tfte fflfflorfes; of tfte anft (Sarlj) JKBrtter* of tfte Btformrti
Miscellaneous Writings
Archbishop of Canterbury
Snstftutfli a, IB.
jfor tfje f ublicattmt of tfte OTorfesJ of tfje ani Ofarlp OTrfters; of tfte Eeformetr
BIOGRAPHICAL Notice of Archbishop Cranmer vii
A Confutation of Unwritten Verities 1
A Collection of Tenets from the Canon Law 68
Substance of a Speech on General Councils 76
Speech at an Assembly of Bishops, 1536 79
Some Queries concerning Confirmation, with Cranmer’s Answers 80
Injunctions to the Diocese of Hereford, 1538 81
Corrections of the Institution by Henry VIII. with Cranmer’s Annotations … 83
Questions and Answers concerning the Sacraments, &c. 1540 115
Preface to the Bible, 1540 118
Speech at the Coronation of Edward VI. Feb. 20, 1547 126
Homily of Salvation 128
Homily of Faith 135
Homily of Good Works annexed unto Faith 141
Questions concerning some Abuses of the Mass 150
Questions with Answers by the Bishops of Worcester, Chichester, and Hereford. 152
Articles to be inquired of within the Diocese of Canterbury, 1548 154
Articles of Inquiry, 1550 159
Injunctions to the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, 1550 161
Answer to the Fifteen Articles of the Rebels, Devon, 1549 163
Notes for a Homily against Rebellion 188
A Sermon concerning the Time of Rebellion ]90
Notes on Justification 203
Examination before Brokes, 1555 212
Appeal at his Degradation ’. 224
Cranmer’s Oath to the King for his Temporalties 460
An Order taken for preaching and bidding of the bead in Sermons,
Inhibitio pro Visitatione Regia, 1535 463
The judgment of the Convocation concerning General Councils… ib.
Queries put by Cranmer in order to the correction of abuses, 1537 465
Considerations offered to the King for further Reformation 466
Opinion of certain of the Bishops. &c. touching the General Council. 467 Mandatum Archiepiscopi Cantuar’ de Festo D. Marci Evangelistae celebrando 468
Minute of an answer of Henry VIII. to a letter from the Com missioners prefixed to the Institution of a Christian Man 469
Mandatum Archiepiscopi Cantuar’ de non celebrandis Festis Diebus jussu Regio in Synodo Provincial! abrogatis 470
Archiepiscopi Cantuar’ Epistola ad Regem pro Suffraganeo Dovorensi 471 Archiepiscopi Cantuar’ Litera Commissionalis ad Richardum, Suf- fraganeum Dovorensem ib.
A Book containing divers Articles, De Unitate Dei et Trinitute Pcr- sonarum, de Peccato Original?., &c 472
Articuli de Missa Privata, de Veneratione Sanctorum, et de Iinagi- nibus 480
De Ordine et Ministerio Sacerdotum et Episcoporum 484
Breve Regis et Mandatum Archiepiscopi de Nominibus Bencficiato- rum et Beneficiorum 489
XVII. The King’s Letter [and the Mandate of the Archbishop of Canter bury] for taking away Shrines and Images 490
XVII I. Constitutio Thomse Cranmeri, Archiepiscopi, et aliorum Fratrum suonim de apparatu escarum moderando 491
XIX. Statutum de Numero Procuratorum Curice Cantuar’ confirmatum per dominum Thomam Cranmer, Cantuar’ Archiepiscopum … ib.
XX. Liters Regis et Archiepiscopi Cantuar’ Mandatum Episcopo London’
pro Orationibus pro Cessatione Pluvise 493
XXI. Literse Regiae Archiepiscopo Cantuar. pro Publicatione Regiarum
Injunctionum 494
XXII. Mandate by the Archbishop of Canterbury to the Bishop of London for keeping Processions in English 495
XXIII. A Preface made by the King’s most excellent Majesty unto his
Primer Book 496
XXIV. Injunctions given by the most excellent Prince, Edward the Sixth, to all his loving subjects 498
XXV. King Edward VI’s Injunctions particularly delivered to the Bishops. 504
XXVI. Letter from the Privy Council concerning Homilies and Injunctions. 505
XXVII. A Proclamation concerning the irreverent Talkers of the Sacrament.
Dec. 27, 1547 ib.
XXVIII. A Proclamation for the abstaining from Flesh in Lent time. Jan.
16,1548 507
XXIX. A Proclamation against those that do innovate, &c., and against them which preach without licence. Febr. 6, 1548 508
XXX. Mandatum ad amovendas et delendas Imagines 509
XXXI. Letter Missive from the Council to the Bishops concerning the
Communion to be ministered in both kinds. March 13, 1548. . 511 XXXII. A Letter sent to all licensed Preachers from the Council. May 13,
XXX II I. A Proclamation for the Inhibition of all Preachers. Sept. 23, 1548. 513
XXXIV. Of Unwritten Verities 514
XXXV. 1. Preface to the Book of Common Prayer, 1549. 2. Of Ceremo nies. 3. Preface to the Ordination Service, 1550 … 517
XXXVI. Three Letters from the Lords of the Council in Windsor to the
Lords of the Council in London. October, 1 549 520
XXXVII. The King’s Order, and the Mandate of the Archbishop of Canter bury, for bringing in Popish Rituals. Febr. 24, 1550 522
XXXVIII. The Council’s Letter to Bishop Ridley to take down Altars, and place Communion Tables in their stead. Nov. 24, 1550 524
XXXIX. Reasons why the Lord’s Board should rather be after the Form of a Table than of an Altar ib.
XL. Letter from the Council to the Princess Mary. Dec. 25, 1550 … 526 XLI. Mandatum pro Publicatione Actus Parliament! contra Rebelles.
Mai. 9, 1551 530
XLII. Letters from Edward VI. to the Bishops on occasion of the Sweating
Sickness. July 18, 1551 531
XLI 1 1. Mandates by Edward VI. for Subscription to the Articles of 1552… 532 XLIV. Pole, Cardinal Legate, to Archbishop Cranmer, in answer to the
Letter he had sent to the Queen. Nov. 6, 1555 534
X L V. Processus contra Thomam Cranmer 541
XLVI. All the Submissions and Recantations of Thomas Cranmer, &c.
Anno MDLVI 563
Biographical Notice
Archbishop Cranmer
THE notice which the editor purposes to give of the Life of Archbishop Cranmer will necessarily, be very brief: a full exhibition of the character and conduct of such a man would require a careful and orderly investigation of documents connected with the three reigns of Henry, Edward, and Mary, and a close examination of the leading facts of ecclesiastical history, extending from the days of Wicliffe to his own ; while the plan pursued by the Parker Society is only to present a succinct view of such general and prominent features of individual biography as may contribute to the in telligent appreciation of the writings collected in its volumes.
“The Life, State, and Story of Thomas Cranmer,” already reprinted in the first volume of this edition of his works, describes his character as it was viewed by his contemporaries. This, together with Strype’s Memorials of him, and his Life as written severally by Todd and Gilpin, forms a valuable groundwork for all historians of his times, as well as an important help to assist the general student to a just estimate of his principles, as viewed in connection with the singular and appalling difficulties of his position. These difficulties, candidly considered, will often suggest a satisfactory reply to the obloquy, which either religious or political acrimony has attempted to cast on the name of this illustrious martyr.
Thomas Cranmer was born July 2, 1489, at Aslacton in Nottinghamshire. At an early period of his life he lost his father, but his mother sent him to Cambridge, at the age of fourteen, and entered him at Jesus College, where he succeeded to a fellowship. He devoted the first eight years of his academical career to the acquisi tion of a knowledge of the questionists of the Church of Rome. In the year 1519 he commenced the study of the scriptures, which he pursued with unremitting assiduity till he reached his thirty-fourth year, i.e. A.D. 1523. In his twenty-third year he had married, by which he forfeited his fellowship ; but being appointed reader at Buck ingham (now Magdalene) College, he continued to reside and to prosecute his studies at Cambridge. His wife dying about twelve months afterwards, he was reinstated in his former fellowship, which he continued to hold, though much urged by the agents of Cardinal Wolsey to join the new foundation at Oxford, for the endowment of which that prelate suppressed several monastic establishments ; but Cranmer preferred to con tinue divinity lecturer in his own college, which office he held from the time of his proceeding to the degree of D.D.
In 1 528 he retired to Waltham Abbey with two pupils, named Cressy, on account of an infectious disorder breaking out at Cambridge. At this time the divorce between Henry VIII. and his queen, Katherine of Arragon, attracted the attention of Cranmer, whose opinion as to the best method of deciding upon the validity of the royal marriage having been represented to Henry, he wras summoned to court, when he wTas required to digest his views in writing : having done this to the satisfaction of the king, he returned to Cambridge, but in a short time afterwards became one of the commissioners ap pointed from the universities, to determine the cause of the divorce, against the pope’s dispensation. Henry VIII. soon after appointed him to the archdeaconry of Taunton, as well as one of his chaplains. In 1529, towards the close of the year, he was sent as an ambassador to the court of Rome, upon the same question, but was com pelled to return home about the end of the following year on account of the ill success of his negociations.
viii BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.
In January 153^, he was sent as Henry’s sole ambassador to the court of Charles V., in order to induce the German divines to advocate the cause of his master, when lie married a second time, his wife being the niece of Osiander, pastor of Nuremburg. The embassy was unfavourable in its results; but Cranmcr was summoned to return to England, to receive the highest appointment in the realm, which could be conferred upon him, namely, the archbishoprick of Canterbury, which had become vacant by the death of William Warham, August 23, 1532. Although ho delayed his return to avoid the appointment, and manifested great reluctance to undertake the responsible duties of this high station, he was at length compelled to yield to the determination of the imperious monarch, and was consecrated on the 30th March, 1533, having made a public and repeated protestation before witnesses, “wherein he declared that he in tended not, by the oath that he was to take, to bind himself to do anything contrary to the laws of God, the king’s prerogative, or to the commonwealth, and statutes of the kingdom1.” On the 23rd May, in the same year, the new archbishop pronounced judgment in favour of the king’s divorce.
The primary concern of the archbishop in the following year, 1534, was to bring about the reformation of the church, and in connection with it, to effect an object which he had long desired, namely, to procure a translation of the bible, and to obtain the royal permission that it should be read by the people. He was also employed in endea vouring to settle the succession to the crown upon the heirs of Anne Boleyn, in which he was vehemently opposed by Sir Thomas More, and Fisher, bishop of Rochester, who in consequence of their refusal to take the oath required in the preamble of the act were beheaded, although Cranmer used every endeavour to prevent that result.
The archbishop about this time commenced the visitation of his province, and met with much opposition from the bishops and clergy, who favoured Romanism, and opposed the progress of the reformation ; amongst whom none was more persevering than Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester. He also counselled that the monasteries should be visited, with a view to their dissolution, in order that “new foundations might spring from them, which should be nurseries of learning throughout the realm.”
On the 2nd May, 1536, Anne Boleyn was sent to the Tower, and a few days after the archbishop divorced her, by command of Henry VIIL, which ” he performed by due order and process of law2,” but evidently with much reluctance.
In the year 1537, Cranmer had the satisfaction of seeing the bible of Tyndale’s translation printed in English, and by the assistance of his friend and fellow-labourer in the work of the reformation, Crumwell, lord privy seal, he caused it to be set forth by the king’s authority. It had been preceded by that of Covcrdale, dedicated first to Anne Boleyn, and afterwards to Jane Seymour. In the following year, J538, it is supposed that the archbishop, still intent upon advancing the progress of the reformation, addressed a memorial to the king, praying for his countenance and support in the accomplishment of this purpose, as well as his assent to the marriage of the clergy. He succeeded in having the English bible printed with farther revisions ; but at this time the influence of the Romish party against his efforts was gaining ground, and so far from his second request being granted, a proclamation was issued against the marriage of the clergy, depriving all who had openly entered into that state of their privileges and offices, and threatening the punishment of fine and imprisonment upon such as in future should do so. Other disappointments also were encountered by the archbishop, amongst which it was not the least, that a conference between the German ambassadors and the English divines, which was held to effect an uniformity of doctrine between the re formed and continental churches, had proved unsuccessful. His urgent applications were set aside by those who were determined, if possible, to restore the power of the Roman catholic church. The result of the mission from Germany proved utterly useless. Every prospect now appeared of a decline of the archbishop’s influence at court, through the efforts which were made to obtain a counter ascendancy over the mind of Henry VIII. It was in this year that Cranmer had to take a part in the
1 Strypc’s Mem.of Abp. Cranmer, Vol. i. p. 28. Ed. Oxon. 15)40. 2 Id. ibid. p.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE. ix argument against John Lambert on the bodily presence in the sacrament, the result of which was his condemnation and execution as a heretic ; which is one of the grounds of accusation urged against the archbishop by his opponents.
From the year 1538 to 1541 Cranmer had to endure a succession of disappoint ments, which much tried his spirit. He saw the Act of the Six Articles passed, not withstanding his opposition to it, and Crumwell, his most intimate friend and associate, beheaded in consequence of the part he had taken in bringing about the marriage of Henry with Anne of Cleves. But although left almost alone, and surrounded by indefatigable adversaries, who were bent upon his ruin, he yet firmly resisted an attempt which was made by them ” to extort from him a consent to a set of articles which would have re established the dominion of error and superstition.” In this instance the king still remained his friend, and for a time opposition against him ceased ; and he was enabled to secure a royal proclamation enforcing the placing of the bible in the churches throughout the country. In the year 1542, attempts were made by the Roman Catholic party to effect a revision of the English bible; but the archbishop succeeded in defeating the object, by obtaining the consent of the king to have the matter referred to the univer sities : in twelve months time, however, when the attempt was again renewed, he was unable effectually to resist it ; for the king, wearied and perplexed by continued dissension, was induced to sanction the prohibition of Tyndale’s English bible, and to limit the privilege of reading the translations of the scriptures, which had previously been granted.
During the succeeding years Cranmer had still to encounter the hatred and oppo sition of his opponents; but, in 1543, a conspiracy was resorted to which bade fair to destroy his influence, and to render ineffective all that he had hitherto accomplished in the advancement of the Protestant cause. ” A succession of meetings were held, a regular scheme was organized, and a voluminous mass of articles were collected by Gardiner and his accomplices, to obtain an advantage over iiim. The chief accusations brought against him were, that he had discouraged and restrained those preachers who refused to promote the new doctrines of the Reformation, that he had ordered the removal of images, and that he corresponded with the divines of Germany.” The ac cusations, however, were no sooner laid before the king than he suspected the parties who originated them : he immediately shewed them to the archbishop, who solicited that the whole matter might be sifted by a commission, to which the king at once acceded, but insisted upon appointing the primate himself as chief commissioner. The result of the examinations which followed was, that the archbishop’s character was cleared, and his adversaries confounded.
In the year 1544 Cranmer succeeded, through his influence with the king, in mitigating the Act of the Six Articles, and effecting a great change in the forms of public devotion, by the introduction of an English Litany, with responses: neverthe less, his further attempts at a reformation were defeated, and he had again, A.D. 1545, to endure another measure of hostility on the part of his adversaries, from which he was only again released by the continuance of the firm friendship of Henry, who in this instance personally defeated their object of sending him to the Tower, by granting him his ring to be produced at any moment of emergency, and by afterwards reproving them for their hostility and malice against him.
On the 28th of January, 1547, Henry VIII. died, at a period of the deepest in terest to Cranmer, when he had anticipated the prospect of a speedy abolition of many of the remaining and most notorious abuses of the church of Rome, which hitherto he had been unsuccessful in his efforts to remove. The state of religion at this moment throughout the country was unsettled, and it was evident to himself that he was entering upon a reign which, in its earliest period, could not fail to increase his anxiety and his cares. Edward VI. was but ten years old when he began to reign; and as much of the affairs of state necessarily fell to the charge of the archbishop, he had still to encounter the unceasing opposition of the men who throughout the latter years of the late king’s government had never ceased to harass and persecute him. Gardiner still continued his activity, although separated from the government; but Cran mer was enabled to set his machinations at defiance by prosecuting steadily the objects x BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.
he had in view : and, in order to ascertain the actual condition of the church, he obtained a royal proclamation for a visitation of the whole kingdom, which measure was resolved upon in April, and carried into effect in the following September.
The Reformation was now progressing, and the archbishop’s influence became more and more predominant, especially in the deliberations of the clergy. On November 22, he produced an ordinance for the receiving of the sacrament in both kinds, which was unanimously carried ; and immediately afterwards obtained an entire repeal of the Act of the Six Articles, and other persecuting statutes, the abrogation of which hitherto he had not been able to procure. This year, 1548, saw the abolition of images, and steps taken for converting the mass into a communion-service in English. Opposition wras offered to these proposed changes ; but the tide had now set in favour of the progress of the Reformation, and the great work of producing the English Liturgy was finished, and received the final sanction of the legislature on the 15th of January, 1549. The spirit of rebellion was, however, abroad ; and while a vast proportion of the inhabitants of the country rejoiced at the changes which were taking place, in Devonshire and Cornwall active opposition was roused by the disaffected, and a formidable revolt broke out, which ended in the signal defeat of the rebels. The part which the archbishop had to take in these events was of a prominent character; and his answer to the demands of the rebels remains as an important and interesting document amongst his many literary labours.
In the month of December, of the same year, an act passed the legislature authorising the marriage of the clergy, which afterwards, A.D. 1552, was confirmed by a declaratory statute that marriages performed under it were valid. From the year 1549 to 1551 the work of reformation still proceeded. ” The labour of the most reverend the arch bishop of Canterbury,” writes Peter Martyr to Bullinger, Jan. 27, 1550, ” is not to be expressed. For whatever has hitherto been wrested from them (the bishops) we have acquired solely by the industry, and activity, and importunity of this prelate1.” He obtained orders for the abolition of popish books of devotion, and effected the comple tion of the formulary for the ordination of the clergy. He likewise entertained many of the foreign divines at Lambeth, with whom he took counsel in aiding the progress of scriptural divinity. A source of affliction to Cranmer at this season was a spirit of dissension, which spread amongst the reformers themselves, upon the refusal of Hooper, bishop of Gloucester, to wear the episcopal vestments then usually worn. The arch bishop was firm in his opposition to these scruples, and resisted the influence which dictated the opposition : a compromise however was in the end effected. In October, 1550, the communion-table was substituted for the Roman catholic altar, to do away the popish idea of a sacrifice, though several of the bishops resisted the change2.
Proceedings were also taken out against Gardiner, who was deprived of his bishoprick in April, 1551. In this matter the conduct of the archbishop has been animadverted upon, as he undoubtedly took a considerable part in the degradation of his old and inveterate adversary. Gardiner pertinaciously refused to comply with the views of the Reformers. During his imprisonment in the Tower he prepared his treatise on the sacrament, in answer to the archbishop’s ” Defence of the True Doctrine of the Sacrament,” which had attracted great attention, and met with extraordinary success. The primate lost no time in preparing a reply to the bishop of Winchester’s confutation, which issued from the press in October, 1551. These works will be found in the first volume of the present collection of the archbishop’s writings. Gardiner also replied to this work under the feigned name of Marcus Antonius Constantius, and his rejoinder was published in 1552. It is impossible to say when this contest would have terminated,, had Cranmer and Gardiner lived to carry it on. The anxious attention of the former was occupied during his imprisonment about an answer to Marcus Antonius ; and three parts of it are said to have been actually written, when the design was cut
1 Original Letters relative to the English Re- | to the writings of Roger Hutchinson published by formation (Park. Soc. ) p. 4J!» 80.
a In this year (1550) occurred the burning of Joan Bocher. In the biographical notice prefixed the Parker Society, there is a statement (pp. iv — v.) relieving the archbishop from the allegation respect ing her case so commonly reported to his prejudice.
Biographical Notice
short by his approaching martyrdom : but not a fragment of his labours is known now to be extant, though unceasing search has been made, if possible, to discover it ; and but little doubt now exists that it is irrecoverably lost.
About this time the English Liturgy underwent a revision at the hands of the archbishop, assisted by Ridley, and Cox (afterwards bishop of Ely), in which some of the suggestions of Peter Martyr, Martin Bucer, and others were adopted. The result of these labours was, that the Book of Common Prayer was reduced very nearly into the form in which it stands at the present time, the subsequent changes in Queen Elizabeth’s reign having been principally intended to render it less objectionable to the opponents of the reformation. A project of the archbishop for an agreement in religious doctrine between the Anglican and foreign reformed churches about this time was once more attempted, but it again failed ; and the design entertained by him, of holding a synod in England, and adopting one Confession for all the reformed churches, was at length finally abandoned.
In the course of 1551, the archbishop received an order of the king in council to compile certain articles of religion : in the May following, 1552, the first draft was completed, and laid before the council. In September it was again revised by the archbishop, and on the 19th of the same month was submitted by him to sir John Cheke, the tutor of Edward VI., and to Mr Secretary Cecil. On the 2nd October the draft was handed over to six of the royal chaplains, viz. Harley, Bill, Home, Grindal, Perne, and John Knox, the Scottish reformer. On the 20th November it was returned to Cranmer, who again revised it, and returned it to the council, November 24th, with a letter expressing his sentiments thereon, and requesting that all the clergy might be called upon to subscribe to it as the book of articles3. The authority here sought was not granted till June 9, 1553, when the king issued his mandate confirming Cranmer’s request.
The next project which the archbishop entertained was that of bringing about a reformation of the ecclesiastical laws ; but his intention was cut short by the untimely removal of his young master, Edward VI., who died before he could authorise the code which had been prepared for this purpose, and which was printed in the following reign, though never authorised or adopted.
The prospects of the reformation were now wholly darkened. By the accession of Mary to power Cranmer lost not only all hope of completing the work he had so long laboured to perfect, but he soon found that he could expect no mercy at the hands of the successor of Edward VI. ; for although he raised his voice against the design for making the Lady Jane Grey queen, yet he did not remain long unmolested after Mary was firmly seated in the throne. Early in the month of August he was sum moned before the council, and was commanded to keep his house at Lambeth. On the 27th of the same month he was again brought before the council, and ordered to give in an inventory of his goods ; and in the middle of the following September he was committed to the Tower. The archbishop was now prepared for extremities, which he anticipated would quickly follow upon his imprisonment. As the commence ment of them, he found himself attainted of high treason by the parliament. This took place in the month of November, and there is reason to believe that he fully expected his execution would speedily have followed. This did not, however, im mediately happen, and in the month of March4, 1554, he was removed to Oxford, with Ridley and Latimer, where disputations were held between these reformers and the Romanist party. On the 20th of April they were condemned, and excommuni cated as heretics. Their execution did not, however, even now immediately follow : eighteen months elapsed from the period of their condemnation, before Ridley and Latimer were burned ; and there was still a further interval of five months al lowed to expire between their martyrdom and that of Cranmer, as he was reserved
3 Vid. Letters CCCV. CCCVII. pp. 439, 40.
4 Incorrectly stated, Vol. I. p. 3111. in the quota tion from Foxe, to have been ” about the tenth of April :” but Kishop Ridley (Works, Park. Soc. p.
3!JO.) says, “a little before Easter,” (which was March 27 th.) See also Original Letters relating to the Knglish Reformation, p. 154. where the note, following Foxe, is at variance with the text.
xii BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.
for another trial when the authority of the pope should be restored throughout the realm. On the 1 2th September, 1555, the archbishop was summoned before his judges, and on the following day the process against him was closed. On the 7th of September, previously to these proceedings, he was cited to appear at Rome within eighty days ; and though obedience to this citation was totally impossible, as he was still kept in prison, yet no sooner had the eighty days elapsed, than on the fourth of December, he was sentenced to excommunication at Rome : the pope’s final executory letter was dated December 14th, by which it was commanded that he should first be degraded from his archbishoprick, and then be delivered over to the secular powers. It was not till Feb. 14th, 1556, that this degradation was carried into execution; and notwithstanding he appealed to a general council, after having formally withdrawn the recantations he had been induced to make, he was led to the stake, and suffered death for the truth’s sake, on the 21st of March, 1550, in the 67th year of his age, and just at the close of the twenty-third from his consecration as primate of all England.
A list of archbishop Craniner’s writings, extracted from bishop Tanner’s Biblio theca, has already been given in Vol. I. pp. xxx. xxxi. To this the editor subjoins the following lists: — from Bale’s Script, lllust. Mag. Brit. Cat, Todd’s Life of Abp. Cranmer, and Jenkyns’ Remains of Abp. Cranmer.
List of Abp. Cranmer s Writings from Bales “Script. lllust. maj. Brit. Cat. Ed.
Basil 1559.”
INTER occupationes varias in Anglico sermone composuit Cranmerus:
Catechismum Doctrinas Christianas. Lib. I. “Excellentissimo principi Edwardo/
Ordinationes Ecclesice Reformats. Lib. I. ” Nusquam excogitatum aliquid erat.’
De Ministris Ordinandis. Lib. I. ” Clarum est omnibus hominibus.”
De Eucharistia cum Luthero. Lib. I.
Defcnsionem Catholicae Doctrine?. Lib. V. ” Pro cura Dominici gregis mihi.”
Ad Veritatis Professores. Lib. I. ” Dominus et Servator noster.”
Jura Ecclesiastica tempore Edwardi. Lib. I. ” Quoniam regni potestas et legum.’
Contra Gardineri Concionem. Lib. I.
Doctrinam Crenas Dominicas. Lib. I. ” Servator Noster Christus Jesus.”
Contra Trans ubstantiationis Errorem. Lib. I. ” Quatuor audivistis declaratas.”
Quomodo Christus adsit in Coana. Lib. I. ” Resoluta jam, ut spero, transub.”
De Esu Crenas Dominican. Lib. I. ” Crassus Papistarum error de.”
De Christi Oblationc. Lib. I. ” Maxima blasphemia et injur.”
liomelias Christianas. Lib. I.
Ad Ricardi Smithi Calumnias. Lib. I. ” Jam mine obtinui, candide lee.”
Confutations Veritatum non scriptarum. Lib. I. ” Nihil addetis ad verbum, quod.”
Locos Communes ex Doctoribus. Lib. XII “Sacraa Scripture intellectus et.” De non ducenda Fratria. Lib. II. Contra Primatum Papas. Lib. II. Adversus Papas Purgatorium. Lib. II. De Justificatione. Lib. II. Pias Precationes. Lib. I. Epistolas ad viros eruditos. Lib. I.
Scripsit ex carcere:
Contra Sacrificium Missas. Lib. I. Contra Adorationem Panis. Lib. 1. Ad Reginam Mariam. Lib. I.
et alia quaedam.
Bibliorum translationes Anglicas pluribus in locis emendavit, prarfationesque addidit.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE. xiii
List of Alp. Cranmer’s Writinys, from Mr Toc/d’s Life of Cranmer, Vol. n.
p. 519 et sqq.
A LONG Speech in the House of Lords in 1534, discussing the propriety of a
General Council, and denouncing the authority of the Pontiff. A Speech in Convocation in 1536, defending the Opinion of Alexander Aless concerning the Sacraments of Baptism and the Lord’s Supper. Answers to Questions concerning Confirmation, 1537-
Considerations submitted to King Henry in order to a further Reformation, 1537. Injunctions given at his Visitation of the See of Hereford, 1538. Preface to the Translation of the Bible, in 1539, first printed in 1540. Articles intended to be the Doctrine of the Church of England, 1540. Answers4 to Seventeen Questions concerning the Sacraments, previously to the publication of the Necessary Doctrine, in 1543. Three brief Discourses on his Review of the Necessary Doctrine, entitled, Faith,
Justification, and Forgiveness of Injuries. Other Annotations on this Review. Parts of three other Discourses against the fear of Death, and on Patience in
Sickness and Adversity. Collection of Passages from the Canon Law, to shew the necessity of reforming it, about the year 1544.
Speech to Edward the Sixth at his Coronation, 1546-7Speech in Convocation to the Clergy, 1547The Homilies on Salvation, Faith, and Good Works, 1547. Answers to Questions concerning the Mass, 1547. Additions to the Translation of Justus Jonas’ s Catechism, 1548. Against Unwritten Verities, 1548. Articles to be inquired into at his Visitation, 1548. Preface to the Book of Common Prayer, entitled, ” Concerning the Service of the Church,” 1548-9.
Answers to the Fifteen Articles of the Devonshire Rebels, 1549. Notes for a Homily on the subject of Rebellion, 1549. Defence of the True and Catholic Doctrine of the Sacrament of the Body and
Blood of our Saviour Christ, 1550.
Vindication of the Defence in Answer to Bishop Gardiner and Dr Smith, 1551. Pious Prayers.
Declaration against the Mass, 1553. Disputation at Oxford, 1554. Speech before the Papal Commissioners, 1555. Appeal to a General Council, 1555-6. Speech at his Martyrdom, 1555-6.
List of Alp. Cranmer’s Writings as given in ” Jenkyvs Remains of Cranmer,”
4 Vols. Oxon. 1833.
Collection of Extracts from the Canon Law.
Substance of a Speech on the authority of the Pope, and of General Councils.
Speech in Convocation.
Queries and Answers on Confirmation.
Injunctions for the Diocese of Hereford.
Corrections of The Institution of a Christian Man, by Henry VIII.
Annotations on the King’s Book.
Seventeen Questions and Answers on the Sacraments, &c.
Preface to the Bible.
xiv BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.
Speech at the Coronation of Edward VI. Notes and Authorities on Justification. Homily of Salvation.
of Good Works.
Queries and Answers on the Mass.
Articles of Visitation for the Diocese of Canterbury.
Articles of Visitation for the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury.
Injunctions to the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury.
Answer to the Devonshire Rebels.
Notes for a Sermon against Rebellion.
Sermon on Rebellion.
Defence of the True and Catholic Doctrine of the Sacrament, &c.
Answer to Rich. Smj-the’s Preface.
Answer to Gardyner’s Explication.
Notes of Gardyner’s Errors.
Declaration concerning the Mass.
Disputation at Oxford with Chedsey.
with Harpsfield.
Condemnation, by Weston.
Examination at Oxford before Brokes.
Appeal to a General Council.
Prayer, Exhortation, and Confession of Faith at St Mary’s Church
Confutation of Unwritten Verities.
In bringing this edition of the Writings of Archbishop Cranmer to a close, the editor cannot but express how much he has been indebted to the previous labours of Dr Jenkyns, by whose researches many difficulties have been cleared for him : he would in deed consider it a dereliction of duty, were he not to state that in preparing the reprint of the archbishop’s letters for this volume, he has found the chief part of the work amply done before him, which he would here most thankfully acknowledge. Nevertheless he has not thought it right to take any statements upon trust ; but in every instance, when it has been practicable, he has collated for himself, having gone over the MSS. in the State Paper Office, the British Museum, and other libraries, and examined them seriatim and verbatim. He is enabled, through the kind assistance of friends, to add several letters of the archbishop to those already published, which have never before been printed in any collection of the archbishop’s writings ; and in many instances, when it had been left undone by Dr Jenkyns, he has supplied references not previously given.
The editor would be wanting in courtesy, were he not to acknowledge his obligations to various persons who have kindly assisted him ; and more especially are his thanks due to the Rev. the masters and fellows of Corpus Christi and Emmanuel colleges, Cam bridge ; to R. Lemon. Esq., of the State Paper Office ; to the Rev. W. H. Cox, viceprincipal of St Mary Hall, Oxford; to the Rev. II. Christmas, Sion College ; to the Rev. G. Bryan ; to the Rev. H. Robbins, Head Master of the Stepney Grammar School ; to the Rev. J. Mendham, Sutton Coldfield ; to the Rev. S. R. Maitland, librarian of the Archiepiscopal Library, Lambeth ; to Mr J. Darling, of the Clerical Library, Little Queen Street, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London ; to Mr Black, of the Public Record Office ; and, though last not least, to the Rev. J. Ayre, the indefatigable and laborious editor of Becon, Jewel, &c. for the Parker Society, without whose aid the wrork in several parts would have been far less complete.
Dee. 10, 1846.
Addenda Et Corrigenda
Page 17. n. 6. for Gardner read Gardiner.
36. at the end of n. 1. supply D. Scot. Prol. Sent, quaest. ii. p. 5. Ed. Venet. 1497. 66. 1. 7after ” another learned man,” supply [Salcot. Bp. of Bangor.] 155. 1. 3. for war read wax. 210. n. 9. substitute the following :
Antididagma, seu Christiana et Catholics &c. Propugnatio. Ed. Paris. 1545. fo. 34. 2. where is affixed a marginal note : ” Cum judicio legenda sunthaec.” — This is a work relative to Archbishop Herman’s reformation at Cologne. 298. n. 1.1. 7for 1533 read 1523. 457. to n. 6. add : These grounds may be briefly stated as follows :
1. It is clear from the letter that the bearer was high in Cranmer’s estimation, and also intimate with P. Martyr. Jewel had been engaged as an assistant to Martyr at Oxford, and had also acted as notary in behalf of Cranmer at his h’rst trial in April, 1554.
2. He was a person of note among the reformers, and one who left England late : for the date given by Bullinger either for the letter, or his own note to it, is 1555. Now the exiles had settled at Zurich before Sept. 1554 ; but Jewel came thither later than the rest.
3. The bearer of the letter was going straight from Oxford to the continent, and to P. Martyr; for Cranmer evidently implies that the friend to whom he entrusted it would deliver it in person to Martyr. And Jewel did actually start from Oxford when he fled abroad, and immediately became Martyr’s assistant at Strasburgh, and followed him to Zurich.
4. Jewel had conformed ; but evidently repented of this before he left Oxford, though it was not till he reached Frankfort that he made his open confession of penitence. This previous repentance at Oxford accounts for his precipitate flight thence ; and also for the caution observed by Cranmer in not mentioning his name ; and explains his allusion to the “danger and mischief” occasioned by letters.
6. It is also very intelligible that the fact of Jewel’s temporary conformity to the popish articles may have procured him access to Cranmer in his imprison ment ; while it seems incredible that any friend of Cranmer and Martyr, not conforming, would have been allowed such access.
6. To all this it must be added, that there is no evidence (it is believed) of any other reformer — a friend of Cranmer and Martyr — having been in England and at Oxford so late as the date of this letter.