Your own ever assured, Cantuarien
To the right honourable and my singular good
lord, my lord privy seal. CCXLII. To Crumwell
My singular good lord, after my most hearty commendations; these shall be to beseech your lordship to direct your letters unto Mr Vawghan, willing him to send home into England Mistress Hutton, so that she may come from thence without danger of the law, bringing with her only her apparel; and the rest of the goods to be kept there, until your lordship’s farther pleasure be known in that behalf. Thus, my lord, most heartily fare you well. At Lambeth, the second day of October. [1538.]
Your own evr assured, Cantuarien
To my very singular good lord, my
lord privy seal. CCXLIII. To Crumwell
. My singular good lord, in my most hearty wise I commend me to your lordship. And where of late? I wrote unto your lordship in the behalf of Mistress Hutton; these shall be eftsoons to beseech you, my lord, to direct your letters unto Mr Vawghan, willing him so to see her discharged from those parties where she is now, that she may come home incontinently into England, without danger of the law, bringing with her all such apparel as appertaineth unto her and to her chamber: and as for the other stuff, there to remain, until your lordship’s farther pleasure be known in that behalf. Thus, my lord, right heartily fare you well.
Your own ever assured, Cantuarien
To my very singular good lord, my
lod privy seal. CCXLIV. To Crumwell
After my most hearty commendations unto your good lordship; these shall be to signify unto you, that a scholar of Oxford hath uttered unto me certain things, which, forasmuch as they appertain unto the king’s majesty, I send them unto your lordship herein inclosed?, to be examined by you: and if your lordship require farther information in this behalf, I think the said scholar can partly instruct you therein.
[Paul’s Cross, upon justification and other points,” 339, with n. 7.]]
[and made reflections upon his person, alluding to [ Vid. Letters CCXXXIV. CCXXXV.]
[a Gardener’s setting ill plants in a garden,” for CCXXXVI. CCXLIII. pp. 375, 376, 377, 381.]]
[which he was questioned, as well as for his doc- [> See the preceding Letter.]]
[trines. He was burnt, with Garret and Jerome, for [5 The inclosure here referred to is appended]
[his opinions, A.D. 1540. Vid. Burnet’s Hist. of after this letter.]]
[Reformat. Vol. I. pp. 590, et sqq.; also above, p.]
Thus, my lord, most heartily fare you well ^ At Lambeth, the 8th day [1538.] “My lord, I beseech you to be good lord unto M. Bul, parson of Northflete, I have known many years to be a man of good learning, judgment, soberness, quiet man, whatsoever report is made of him to the contrary.
Your own ever assured, T. CANTUARIEN. To my very singular good lord, my lord
privy seal. Jesus. “As coNCERNING Dow?
- “I, Gregory Stremer, do testify, that Mr Don said that sir Marshall should make satisfaction putting out of this word papa in Saint Gregory’s works in our library. 2. “I, Edmund Mervyn, testify, that sythe that time, when as sir Martiall laid that same again, he denied it not, but said these words, Mary, and I say yet, that it is not necessary out of profane books. 9. “The said Mr Don, when it was his part, in his collation made to the company, to abrogation of the bishop of Rome’s usurped power, went about specially to persuade that the be called papa, and that it was but a foolish phantasy of men to make so much about the name divers bishops, besides the bishop of Rome, were so called.
Gregory Stremer, Hue Goode,
Richard Marshall?, Witness of the same Edmund Marvyn, Richard Wye,
John Wye,
John Bondell. 4. “I, Gregory Stremer, Richard Martiall, and Edmunde Marvyn, were talking with Mr Don and I willed him to teach the youth why the bishop of Rome was expulsed; for I think,” them can tell why it is done.’ Then said Mr Don these words: No more can I’ No? mean you, Mr Don, by that? Bear record, masters. Then, after a little deliberation, he said, tell why he was expulsed, by cause he never knew any authority he had here; which interpretation was allowed of Mr doctor Cotes, then being in the commissary’s place. In witness whereof subscribed our names.
Gregory Stremer, Edmund Mervyn, Richard Marshall. 5. “He affirmed, in a lesson which he read at Wytney, that men make laws now a days for profit of the commonweal.
“Hue Goode,
“Edmunde Marvyn. 6. “The said Don preached at Wytney in a sermon, that the old time good men were wont maintain churches, and now they be more ready to pluck them down.
“Hue Goode,
“Edmunde Marvyn.
“mr Slater
- Mr Slater hath accused Hue Goode, Gervase Huche, Richard and John Wye, John Lane, friends wrongfully, and hath continued in troubling of them ever since they began to he conversant Mr Stremer and Richard Martiall, which hath been abhorred in all the college, syth they began the officers of the said college for fulfilling of the king’s commandments, as touching the abolishing pope’s name, and preaching against the popish doctrine, and certain other things commanded commissioners at the last visitation. “Gregory Stremer, “Edmunde Marvyn, Richard Wye, Hue Goode, Richard Marshall, John Wye.
[[! This paragraph is in Cranmer’s own band.] fessor, to be taken out of her grave, and buried in]
[(^ John Dunne was Greek lecturer at €. C. C. his dunghill.” Strype’s Mem. of Abp. Cranmer,]
[about this time. Jenkyns’ Remains of Abp. Cran- Vol. II. p. 535. Ed. Oxon. 1840. Vid. also Wood’s]
[mer, Vol. I. p. 269.] Fasti, Vol. II. pp. 136, 8. Ed. (Bliss.) Lond.]
[[? He was then dean of Christ Church, a most 1813-20. Dr Marshall was one of the witnesses]
[furious and zeloticall man, who, to shew his spite against Cranmer, Sept. A.D. 1555. Vid. Process.]
[against the reformation, had caused Peter Martyr’s contra Cranmerum, in the Appendix.]]
[wife, who deceased while he was the king’s pro- [ George Cotes, of Magdalen college, admitted]
“Sir TuRNBULL. 8. “Sir Turnbull, reader of logic, wresteth good questions, which the scholars put forth in their disputations, to Duns’ quiddities.
Gregory Stremer, Hue Goode
- “Jo. Edwards, T. Goidge, Jamys Broke ὅ, William Chedsey 5, masters of arts, keep the youth of college from the knowledge of God’s word, grudging and resisting to their power against such ordinances make to the spreading of the gospel, and extirping of ungodly and papistical doctrine.
George Stremer, “Richard Marshall, Hue Goode, Richard Wye
Edmunde Marvyn,
John Wye
Papa was written into a calendar of a book in our college chapel after it had been once put out, whom we cannot tell.
John Garrett, Richard Marshall
George Etherige?,
John Morwn
- Not fulfilling the king’s injunctions, which require preaching. 2. “Item, Not singing the collect for the king in the mass, agreeing to the injunctions. 3. Item, Not blotting out papa, until it was within this half year, and singing the said papa openly the church. 4. Item, Papa written again, after it had been once put out, into a certain church-book, throughout calendar. 5. Item, A book continual four years suffered in the library, which called them heretics and schismatics that did not set the bishop of Rome above all powers, as kings and emperors, &c. 6. Item, Another book which was named Alexander de Hayles, which proved the bishop of Rome all powers. 7. Item, They would not suffer the Bible to be read openly in the hall at dinners, as the statute biddeth, till that we ourselves proffered to read it. 8. Item, Mr Chedsay, one of the deans, said, that if he saw any scholar have a New Testament hand, he would burn it. 9. Item, Mr Shepreve? said, that studying of the scripture was subversion of good order, and that, he durst, he would bar us from reading of scripture. 10. Item, That Mr Donne would have had satisfaction of sir Marshall for putting out papa in Gregory’s works in the library. 11. Item, Mr Slater said, that there were some in the house which could prove the bishop of Rome’s authority. 12. Item, Mr Goyge reported in Hamsher, that sir Marwin and sir Marshall were heretics, and heresy books, and were naught. 13. Item, Mr Slater forbade the scholars a company. 14. Item, The divinity lesson, which ought by the statute above all other lessons to be read, is not 15. Item, Mr Smythe said, that such as sir Marshall is have done much hurt with preaching. 16. Item, ‘That few or none, except the masters, have any part of scripture in their chamber. 17. Item, Sir Garret for saying that it were better for sir Marshall to let papa alone than put it the church-books, was punished with losing a fortnight’s commons, and had his meat and drink given him. doctor of divinity July 5, A. D. 1536, and elected I. p. 393. et sqq. of this publication.] master of Balliol Nov. 30, A.D. 1539, and bishop [7 George Etheridge, was “the reader of of Chester April 1, A. Ὁ. 1554. Dr Tresham was Greek lecture,” (i.e. regius professor) A.D. commissary of the university of Oxford at this time, and was then a violent persecutor, and proposed having held the office from 4.D.1534 to 1546; Cotes at the communication between Brookes probably acted for him. Wood’s Fasti, Vol. II. Ridley,” Oct. 15, 1555, that the latter should pp. 98, 104. Le Neve’s Fasti, pp. 341, 402. Ed. gagged. He was also engaged in the proceedings Lond. 1715. against the archbishop in the same year. [> Master of Balliol college, A.D. 1547, bishop Foxe’s Acts and Monuments, p. 1767. Ed. Lond. of Gloucester, April 1, A.D. 1554, and the pope’s 1583. Wood’s Athen. Oxonien. Vol. I. pp. 546, sub-delegate at the archbishop’s trial, A.D. 1555. Process. contra Cranmerum, in Appendix.] Wood’s Athene, Vol. I. pp. 314, 15. Le Neve’s [8 John Morwen, a famous Greek scholar, Fasti, pp. 101, 482.] private instructor to John Jewel. He was engaged [$ He was by the protestants accounted a very in the disputations at Oxford, A.D. 1555, against
[mutable and unconstant man in his religion, but by Cranmer. Vid. Strype’s Mem. of Abp. Cranmer,]
[the Roman catholics not, but rather a great stickler Vol. II. p. 480. Ed. Oxon.1840. Wood’s Athen,]
[for their religion, and the chief prop in his time in Vol. I. pp. 195-7.]]
[the university for the cause, as it appeared not only (? Hebrew professor of the university about A.D.]
[in his opposition of P. Martyr, but of the three 1538. Vid. Wood’s Athen. Oxonien. Vol. I. pp.]
[bishops that were burnt in Oxon.” Wood’s Athen, 134.6.)]
[Vol. I. p. 323. Vid. Disputations at Oxford, Vol.]
- Item, Sir Turnbull said, when four of Sion, London, and Sheene!, were put to execution for holding with the bishop of Rome, that he trusted to have a memory of them among other of the saints one day. 19. Item, Sir Bocher said, that all they which be of the new learning, were advoutrers and naughty piro « Item, Mr Donne called sir Marvin and sir Marshall Neo-Christianos, i. e. a new kind of christian ict Mr Slater complained of certain to their friends, because he perceived them to favour the truth. 22. Item, Mr Donne forbade reading of the Bible in the hall. 23. Item, ‘The masters and fellows of the house which be counted of the new learning, as they called it, be admitted neither to any office, ne yet to any council of the college business.”
CCXLV. To Crumwell
My very singular good lord, after my most hearty commendations unto your good lordship; these shall be to yield unto you my most hearty thanks for this bearer Markham, to whom, as I understand, you are so good lord as to prefer him to the farm of the priory of Newsted; beseeching your lordship, as you have herein; been his especial good lord, so you will continue; and I doubt not, but that he shall so handle himself, both in the king’s service and towards your lordship, that you shall not forthink that you have done for him. Thus, my lord, most heartily fare you well. At Lambeth, the 10th day of October. [1538.]
The two Observants, whom you sent unto me to be examined, have confessed that which I suppose is high treason. I shall send them with their depositions unto your lordship this night or to-morrow.
Your own ever assured, Cantuarien
To my very singular good lord,
my lord privy seal.
CCXLVI. To Crumwell
My very singular and especial good lord, in my most hearty wise I commend me unto you. And whereas I understand that the town-clerkship of Calais standeth now as void, so that it is in their election there to choose a new officer; forasmuch, my lord, as there is one of Gray’s Inn, named Nicolas Bacon’, whom I know entirely to be both of such towardness in the law, and of so good judgment touching Christ’s religion, that in that stead he shall be able to do God and the king right acceptable service: these shall be most heartily to beseech your lordship, by cause I have oftentimes heretofore wished to have that town furnished with some officers of right judgment, that you will direct your favourable letters unto the mayor of Calice and other the king’s officers there, moving them to prefer this man in their election to that room; which thing I do more willingly require of your lordship, by cause that I am credibly informed that certain of the head officers there would gladly have him amongst them in this said room; and therefore, not doubting but that your lordship shall think your letters well bestowed hereafter herein, shall now beseech you to be his good lord in this behalf. Thus, my lord, right heartily fare you well. At Lambeth, the xxiii. day of October. [1538.]
Your own ever assured, Cantuarien
To my very singular good lord, my lord
privy seal
[[! Vid. Letter CXLIII. p. 303. n. 3.] employed early in the king’s service; for about 1544 [2 This paragraph is in the archbishop’s hand.] he received a grant of some of the possessions of the? Nicholas Bacon, afterwards keeper of the dissolved monastery of Bury St Edmund’, as ‘a]
[great seal, was now about twenty-eight years of age, proof of the estimation in which he was held by his]
[and itis not unlikely that this recommendation by majesty.’ See Chalmers, Biogr. Dict.” Jenkyns’]
[Cranmer may have led to his subsequent advance- Remains of Abp. Cranmer, Vol. I. p. 273. There is]
[ment. His biographers do not mention that he was no mention of his name in the Chronicle of Calais,]
[ever town-clerk of Calais, but he must have been published by the Camden Society.]]
CCXLVII. To Crumwell
My very singular good lord, in my right hearty wise I commend me unto your lordship: and whereas I understand, that one Crofts’, being now in the Tower, and like to be attainted of treason, hath a benefice in Somersetshire, named Shipton Mallet, but of the yearly value of xxvi; which, being the very parish where doctor Champion?, my chaplain, was born, and where all his kinsfolk and friends now dwell, is for no man so meet a promotion as for him; and, forasmuch as the said doctor Champion doth trust and hope that your lordship beareth him such favour, that, when occasion should be offered, you would do him a good turn: these shall be heartily to desire you, my lord, to find the means that the said doctor Champion may be preferred unto the said benefice by your favour and aid, or else to shew unto me your good advice how that I may obtain it for him, in case it fall void at this time. The king’s majesty and my lord Dalawarre giveth it alternis vicibus, and the king’s grace gave it last: now whether his grace doth give it again by reason of this attainder, you can best tell: beseeching your lordship so to extend your accustomed benevolence towards the said doctor Champion, that by your procurement he may have the benefice, whosoever giveth it. Wherein I assure your lordship you shall do more for his commodity and preferment, than if you should give him a promotion worth ten of it in value, by cause that thereby he shall not only have occasion to do some good continually in his native country by preaching there the word of God, but also help the judgments of his own kinsmen and friends the sooner by this means. Thus, my lord, most heartily fare you well. At Lambeth, the xiiii. day of November. [1538.7]
Your own assured evr, Cantuarien
To the right honourable and my singular
good lord, my lord privy seal.
CCXLVIII. To Crumwell
My very singular good lord, after most hearty recommendations; this shall be to signify unto you, that this day the king’s highness sent me a commandment to be with him to-morrow at ten of the clock, which I cannot do, if I be with you at Stepney before nine of the clock. But forsomuch as his grace hath appointed me to be at two sundry places about one time, which I cannot accomplish, and I dare disappoint neither of his commandments without his grace countermand the same; therefore I will send unto his grace to know his determinate pleasure herein, and I will not fail to wait upon you at Stepney at your hour assigned, unless the king’s pleasure be to the contrary. Thus Almighty God ever preserve your lordship to his pleasure! From Lamchithe, the xix. day of November. [1538.]
Your own ever assured, Cantuarien
To my singular good lord, my lord privy
seal, be this delivered
[^ George Crafte, rector of Shepton Mallet, A.D. Oxon. 1829,) for saying, the king was not, but the 1535. Valor. Eccles Dr Jenkyns thinks him the pope was, supreme head of the church;” and was same with George Crofts, chancellor of the cathedral executed with several others.] of Chichester, who was indicted Dec. 4, A.D. 1538, [ Vid. Letters CXLV. CLXIV. CLXXI. (Burnet, Hist. of Reformat. Vol. I. p. 719. Ed. ’ pp. 304, 317, 321.]
[[^opiwaTrp τὸ 95]
CCXLIX. To Crumwll
My singular good lord, after my right hearty recommendations. Whereas I am credibly informed that your servant, doctor Cave!, (if it may stand with your lordship’s pleasure, ) is right willing to leave a prebend, which he now hath in the king’s majesty’s college at Oxforthe, to my chaplain, doctor Barber; albeit I know myself so much bounden unto your lordship, for your ready gentleness towards me in all my suits heretofore, that I would not gladly at this time trouble your lordship with this thing, yet having no other mean to the king’s highness, of whose gift the said prebend is, for the obtaining of the same, and considering the qualities and learning of the said doctor Barber, which I think be not to your lordship all unknown, I am compelled in this, as in all other my business, to have recourse to your lordship, heartily desiring your favour towards him herein; whereby your lordship shall not only do for an honest and meet man, but also bind me to do you any pleasure as may lie in my power. From Lambethe, the 21. day of November. [1538.]
Your own ever assured, Cantuarien
To the right honourable and my singular
good lord, my lord privy seal.
CCL. To Crumwll
My very singular good lord, in my most hearty wise I commend me unto your lordship. And so herewithal send unto you sir Henry ad Cortbeke, the Dutch priest, to receive the 20” which on Tuesday last your lordship said you would deliver unto him; and farther, I desire your lordship that he may have the king’s letters patents freely to be a denizen, and in that behalf to appoint one to procure it forth for him, to whom he may resort for the same; or else he shall never obtain it himself, by cause he can neither speak English, nor hath no manner of acquaintance to promote his cause in mine absence: beseeching your lordship also to have the said sir Henry in remembrance unto the king’s majesty for some honest stipend for the maintenance of his living; wherein your lordship shall do a right good and meritorious deed. Thus, my lord, right heartily fare you well. At Lambeth, the 28th day of November. [1538.]
Your own ever assured, Cantuarien
To the right honourable and my singular
good lord, my lord privy seal.
CCLI. To Crumwell
After most hearty commendations unto your good lordship; these shall be to signify ~~ unto the same, that I have received your letters dated at Hampton Court, the 12th day of December, by which I perceive that the king’s majesty hath nominated and appointed you to the offices of the high stewardship of all my franchises, and master of the game of all my chases and parks, by reason of the attainder of Sir Edward Nevell, knight; and thereupon you require for your better assurance my confirmation: Vid. Letter XLIII. p. 256.] and several others, for saying the king was a beast, [2 Vid. Letters CCXII. COXXXV IH. pp. 360, and worse than a beast.” Sir Edward was condemn- 378. ] ed for treason, and was executed with the marquis [? “On the fourth of December were indicted of Exeter and lord Montacute, on Tower Hill, Jan.
[sir Geofrey Pool, sir Edward Nevill, brother to the 9, 1539. Burnet’s Hist. of Reformat. Vol. I. pp.]
[lord Abergavenny,” with the marquis of Exeter 717,719. Stow’s Annals, p. 575. Ed. Lond. 1615.]]
in that behalf. Surely, my lord, I am right glad that you of all other hath the preferment thereof; and if it shall please you to send unto me the tenor of the king’s letters patents to you made for the same, I will make unto you such lawful assurance as in me shall be: and to the intent your lordship may be ascertained what grants my predecessor made of the said office, I send unto you herewithal the copies of the said grants. And as touching the said office of the stewardship of the liberties, the same of late hath not been duly exercised as it ought to have been, by reason whereof, as I am informed by the learned counsel, the interest therein by the said grant heretofore made is forfeited; so that, ifthe law will permit, I will be glad to assure it to you for a term of your life, or else it will appertain unto the lord of Burgayveny’. Thus, my lord, right heartily fare you well. At Ford, the 14th day of December. [1538.7]
My lord, I pray you accomplish my suit for this bearer, my servant, Francis Basset, concerning the monastery of Croxden?, and I will not fail to accomplish my promise unto you concerning the same.
Your own assured everT. Cantuarien
To the right honourable and my singular good
lord, my lord privy seal. Cclh. To Crumwell
My singular good lord, in my most hearty wise I commend me unto your lordship: signifying to the same, that there is brought before me one Henry Totehill for naughty communication which he should speak concerning the bishop of Rome and Thomas Beckett’; which matter I have examined, as your lordship shall farther perceive by a bill of the depositions herein inclosed”. And forasmuch as John Alforde, the principal accuser, is one that hath no certain biding-place, I have sent him with the said Totehill unto your lordship, to the intent that he may avouch his words before you in the presence of the said Totehill.
Farther, this shall be to advertise your lordship, that I have taken upon me your office in punishing of such transgressors as break the king’s Injunctions: for already I have committed two priests unto the castle of Canterbury, for permitting the bishop of Rome’s name in their books; the one of them lay there until it had cost him four or five mark, and yet notwithstanding I commanded him to give 4% in alms after I had delivered him out of the castle, which he refused to do, and then was again committed unto the castle: at length, considering his expenses and punishment in prison, it is concluded that he shall give 40 shillings unto his poor neighbours, at the distribution of sir Edward Ringeley and other justices. As for the other priest, being but a curate, I have still in the castle until such time as he be condignly punished; for he hath little store of money to bestow in alms: howbeit I have commanded the parson where he was curate, to give 40 shillings in alms unto his poor neighbours. Thus much have I done on your behalf, remitting the rest unto your discretion, if you think it otherwise to be punished, beseeching your lordship to send me word, how I shall behave myself hereafter in punishing of such offences. Thus most heartily fare you well. At Ford, the 11th day of January. [1539.]
Your own ever assured, Cantuarien
To the right honourable and my singular good
lord, my lord privy seal
[[^ Vid Letters XXXI. CCLIII. pp. 253, 389.] [7 The depositions follow at the end of this]
[[^ Vid Letter COXXXIX. p. 380. This latter letter.)]
[paragraph is in the archbishop’s handwriting.] [ Vid. Letter CCXXIX. p. 363.]]
[[ἡ Vid. Letter COXXXVII. p. 378.] ΟΞ. Ὁ]
[AN INCLOSURE IN ARCHBISHOP CRANMER’S LETTER OF 11 JAN. [1539.] WITNES examined the x!^ daye of January, in the xxx yere of the Reign of our Soveraign Lorde King Henry the VIIIth, of certen wourdes whiche one Henry Totehill, of the Parishe of Saincte Kateryns bisides the Tower Hill, shipman, should speke in the house of one Thomas Brown, of Shawlteclyf, within the countie of Kent, concerning the Bisshop of Rome and ‘Thomas Becket some tyme Archebisshop of Canterbury. John Alforde, of thage of 18 yeres, examined, saith, that by reason that he had ben in Christmas tyme at my Lorde of Canterbury’s, and ther had harde an enterlude concernyng King John!, aboute 8 or 9 of the clocke at night; and ‘Thursdaye, the seconde daye of Januarye last paste, spake theis wourdes folowing in the house of the said Thomas Brown,— That it ys petie that the Bisshop of Rome should reigne any lenger, for if he should, the said Bisshop wold do with our King as he did with King John. Wherunto (this deponent saith) that Henry Totehill answered and said, That it was petie and nawghtely don, to put down the Pope and Saincte Thomas; for the Pope was a good man, and Saincte Thomas savid many suche as this deponent was from hangyng: whiche wourdes were spoken in the presence of Thomas Browne and one William
servaunte unto the said Totehill
‘Thomas Brown, of the age of 50 yeres, examined, saith, that about 8 of the clocke on Fridaye the 3 daye of Januarye laste paste, as he remembereth, one Henry Totehill beyng in this deponente’s house at Shawlteclyf, this deponent tolde that he hadde bene at my Lorde of Canterbury’s, and there hadd harde one of the beste matiers that ever he sawe, towching King John; and than sayd that he had harde divers tymes preistes and clerkes say, that King John did loke like one that hadd run frome brynnyng of a house, butt this deponent knewe now that yt was nothing treu; for, as farr as he perceyved, King John was as noble a prince as ever was in England; and therby we myght perceyve that he was the begynner of the puttyng down of the Bisshop of Rome, and therof we myght be all gladd. Then answerd the said Totehill, that the Bisshope of Rome was made Pope by the clergie and by the consent of all the Kinges Christen. “Than said this deponent, Holde your peace, for this communication ys nawght. “Than said Totehill, I am sorye if I have said amysse, for I thought no harme to no man. This communication was made in the presence of John Alforde and a laborer of the said Totehill, and this deponente saithe that the said Totehill was dronken.
This deponent, examyned wherfore he thought the wourdes of Totehill so nawght, saith, bycause he thought that he spake theym in the mayntenaunce of the Bisshop of Rome.
Also concernyng the wourdes spoken of Thomas Beckette, this deponente aggreeth with the firste witnes.
Antony Marten, examyned what he harde spoken of Henry Totehill syns he was in his custodie, or at any tyme before, saith, that he harde John Halforde reporte that Henry Totehill should saye, that it was petie that Saincte Thomas was put down, and that the olde lawe was as good as the newe. And farther sayth, that the said John Halforde reported that Totehill said, that the Bisshop of Rome was a good man; and this he harde the said Halforde reporte before he toke hym. And farther the forsaid Antony Marten saith, that he demanded one Thomas Brown (in whose house the said Totehill spake theis wourdes above rehersid) what said Totehill; and he saithe, that the said Brown said that the said Totehill hath spoken very evill, and whan he shoulde be examined he would tell the trueth.
CCLIII. To Crumwell
Mv singular good lord, after my most hearty commendations unto your lordship; ia: these shall be to signify unto the same, that I have received your letters with two patents, one of them concerning the stewardship of my liberties, the other of the mastership of my game; which patents I have sealed, and sent unto your lordship by Nevell my steward, whom nevertheless I have commanded not to deliver, until such time as your counsel and mine have concluded that I may justly deliver them: for although, as I am bound, I am very glad and ready to do for your lordship that I may do, yet to do more than I may justly do neither standeth with justice, nor will at length be to your honour and benefit, nor mine neither; for if I should grant your patents, the state of things standing as they do at this present, so far as yet I do know, surely as well the heirs of the lord of Bargaveney?, as the son of sir Edward Nevell, may hereafter not only recover of me the arrearages, but also bring your patents in question; which I were very loth should chance, for default of an oversight at the beginning. But by cause your counsel have informed your lordship that these patents may justly pass, and I am not instructed as yet how it may be done, nor I have not my counsel here at this time; therefore I beseech your lordship that your counsel learned may commune with Mr James Halis and Mr Boys, my
! The interlude concerning king John, which is [? Vid. Letters XXXI. CCLI. pp. 253, 387.
[here mentioned, is probably bishop Bale’s King [3 Probably ’ Sir James Hales, knight, a pious]
[Johan,” published by the Camden Society in 1838.] and good man, and a just and able judge under]
counsel herein, that by them I may be certified the truth and justice of the:e things. And surely, whatsoever justice will serve to do for your lordship, that will I do and maintain it unto the uttermost. And yet surely my heart is much moved with pity towards the young lord of Bargavenny and sir Edward Nevell’s son; the one, by cause he is within orphany, the other by cause he hath lost all his inheritance. Nevertheless your lordship may do more for them than this matter is worth, if the king’s pleasure so be; and they both have justly forfeit their patents, as I am informed by my counsel, for abusing the same; and so I told the lord Bargaveney and Edward Nevell divers times in their lives. Thus, my lord, most heartily fare you well. At Ford, the xxi day of January. [1539.]
Your own ever assured, Cantuarien
To my very singular good lord, my
lord privy seal. CCLIV. To Crumwell
Mv very singular good lord, in my most hearty wise I commend me unto your lordship; signifying to the same, that I have sent unto you another copy of the sermon which doctor Cronkehorne should preach, beseeching you, my lord, to peruse the same, and to add and take away as you shall think convenient; and that you will either enjoin him to do it, or else to signify unto me your mind what I shall do therein. Thus, my lord, most heartily fare you well. At Ford, the last day of January. [1539.]
Your own ever assured, Cantuarien
To my very singular good lord, my
lord privy seal. CCLV. To Crumwell
[Edward VI. settling the crown upon lady Jane [ i. e. Henry Nevill, lord Abergavenny, who by]
[Grey. In the reign of queen Mary he fell into the death of his father, A.D. 1535, was left an]
[trouble, and was imprisoned for his religious senti- orphan, and was not of age to be summoned to the]
[ments. He was prevailed upon to recant by Day, house of lords till A. D. 1552. Nicolas’ Synopsis of]
[bishop of Chichester, and Portman, a judge;. the Peerage, art. Abergavenny, Vol. I. p. 13. Ed.]
[but “the trouble that arose in his conscience filled Lond. 1825.]]
[him with great terror, and overwhelmed him with [> Afterwards baron Abergavenny, succeeding]
[sorrow, so that heattempted to kill himself.” Having to the barony by the death of Henry Nevill, his]
[recanted, and being dismissed home into his own cousin, without male issue, A. Ὁ. 1586. Id. ibid.]]
[country and habitation, conquered with grief and [5 This far passeth the calking of Dr Cronke-]
[despair, he drowned himself in a shallow pond near horne with his secret revelations, and also the pretty]
[his own house,.about the beginning of the month practices of Dr Bockynge and the holy maid of]
[of February, or the month of January before, A.D. Kent.” Bales Yet a Course at the Romish Fox,”]
[1555.” Vid. Strype’s Eccl. Mem. Vol. III. Part 1. fol. 34.]]
[pp. 274—276. Ed. Oxon. 1822. Burnet’s Hist. of [7 Vid. Letter CCXV. p. 362.]]
[Reformat. Vol. II. p. 456. Ed. Oxon. 1829. Foxe’s]
to do by her testament; these shall be to desire and pray your lordship to be so good lord unto the said executors, as by your means they may procure the king’s grant unto you already made, under the seal, and so your grant over again unto them thereof; and for your lordship’s pains to be taken herein, they shall give you a pleasure, howbeit the wardship, as I am informed, is but 10’ yearly, which is little enough to find the child at his learning, and to keep the house in reparations. Wherefore eftsoons I beseech your lordship to shew them herein your lawful favour, and that the rather, because the said mistress Wiate was not only my special friend, but also a very good and perfect woman. Thus, my lord, most heartily fare you well. At Canterbury, the vith day of April. [1539.]
Your own assured everT. Cantuarien
To the right honourable and my very singular
good lord, my lord privy seal.
CCLVI. To Lord Lisle”
— AFTER most hearty commendations: these shall be to advertise you that whereas Yo. certain witnesses were sworn here before us, the king’s commissioners under written, to ^ depose against Raaff Hare, as Edward Malpas, Richard Sandes, and Thomas Boys; against the which witness the said Raaff Hare hath objected certain exceptions, which we do send you here inclosed, desiring you most heartily in the king’s behalf to take the pains to examine John A. Caleys, John Nycholas, Piers Hedge, and Richarde Swyfte, upon the said exceptions, upon their oaths, and to send hither again unto us the same exceptions, with all such depositions as the said four men shall make thereupon, and that with as much speed as ye can possibly: also we most heartily desire you to call to remembrance whether you can prove any article of heresy against the said Raaff Hare, which he hath spoken or maintained sithens the king’s proclamation late made, pardoning all anabaptists and sacramentaries which had offended before the date of the said proclamation; and in case be that you can, we desire you also instantly to send unto us with all speed convenient all the same articles with all such persons as can and will depose thereupon, and prove the same. And that all this may be done with such diligence that we may be certified from you thereupon by the 22nd day of this month or before, not forgetting the other letter which we have written unto you before concerning the commissary of Calais with other, and Thomas Broke, customer of Calais, that such proves as we have written for in that behalf fail not to be here by the day appointed. And thus our Lord Jesus have you to his pleasure! At Lambeth, the 5th day of July. [1539.]
Your loving friends
(Signed) T. CANTUARIEN.
Rich. CicgsrR.
To the right honourable my lord viscount Iucuanp GWENT.
Lysle, deputy of the town of Caleys,
wilh other of the king’s council there.
CCLVII. To Lord Lisle
’ This letter has not appeared in any previous collection.
behalf; and as for to get you a discreet priest for your parish, I shall do what I can to provide you one with expedition; and likewise to provide you a learned man to be my commissary? I will do the best that lieth in me. Howbeit, I fear me, that I shall with much difficulty obtain such a one, by reason that learned men are not willing to demore continually beyond the sea and out of the realm, without great stipend, which will be to me no small charge over that it was. Nevertheless I do little pass of any charge, so that I may get one that will mind the advancement of God’s glory, the king’s honour, and the quietness of your town. And as to your request, that none should be suffered to preach nor expound the holy scripture with you, but such as shall be authorised by the king’s majesty or by me, I shall not fail to give such a commandment unto him that shall be my commissary, that he shall suffer no person to preach out of his own cure, but such as shall have the said authority, either from the king’s grace or from me.
As concerning such persons as in time of divine service do read the bible, they do much abuse the king’s grace’s intent and meaning in his grace’s injunctions? and proclamations; which permitteth the bible to be read, not to allure great multitudes of people together, nor thereby to interrupt the time of prayer, meditation, and thanks to be given unto Almighty God, which, specially in divine service, is and of congruence ought to be used; but that the same be done and read in time convenient, privately, for the condition and amendment of the lives both of the readers and of such hearers as cannot themselves read, and not in contempt or hinderance of any divine service or laudable ceremony used in the church; nor that any such reading should be used in the church, as in a common school, expounding and interpreting scriptures, unless it be by such as shall have authority to preach and read; but that all other readers of the bible do no otherwise read thereupon, than the simple and plain text purporteth and lieth printed in the book. And if
[[᾿Ξ 1539. The x of Awgust, the xxxi. of Declaration, to be read by all Curates upon the Cleop. E. v.]
[Henry the Eighth, ser John Butlar, priest, comys- publishing of the Bible in English. £5, M]
[sary of Caleis and marches there, and Thomas Tras u-]
[Broke, chefe clerke of the excheqwere, and customar “WHERE it hath pleased the king’s majesty, Original.]
[of the towne of Calles, were sent to the Flete.” The cur most dread sovereign lord and supreme head bid dd]
[crime of this person was, it appears, of a religious under God of this church of England, for a declara- Cranmer,]
[complexion. At a privy council held at Windsor, tion of the great zeal he beareth to the setting forth NOE IT pp]
[7th Nov. 1540, lettres were browght from the depute of God’s word, and to the virtuous maintenance of 735, 6. E]
[end counsail of Calais, declaring that Sir [John] his commonwealth, to permit and command the ios:]
[Butler, prist, sone and heyre unto the late lady Ba- bible, being translated into our mother-tongue, to]
[nestre, decessed, was endited for a sacramentary,’” be sincerely taught and declared by us the curates,]
[&c. Chronicle of Calais, pp. 47, 180. Camden Soc. and to be openly laid forth in every parish-church:]
[Ed.1846. By the archbishop’s letters, bearing date to the intent that all his good subjects, as well by]
[May 20, [a.D. 1540] he (i.e. Cranmer) made reading thereof, as by hearing the true explanation]
[Robert Harvey, B.LL. his commissary in Calais, ofthe same, may first learn their duties to Almighty]
[and in all the neighbouring places in France, being God and his majesty, and every of us charitably to]
[his diocese: a man surely, wherein the good arch- useother; and then applying themselves to do ac-]
[bishop was mistaken, or else he would never have cording to that they shall hear and learn, may both]
[ventured to set such a substitute, of such bigoted speak and do christianly, and in all things as it]
[cruel principles, in that place.He was hanged, beseemeth christian men: because his highness very]
[drawn and quartered for treason in the said town of much desireth that this thing, being by him most]
[Calais,” Strype’s Mem. of Abp. Cranmer, Vol. I. godly begun and set forward, may of all you be]
[pp. 124, 5. Ed. Oxon. 1840. Foxe’s Acts and received as is aforesaid; his majesty hath willed]
[Monuments, p. 1229. Ed. Lond. 1583.] and commanded this to be declared unto you, that]
[[? “It was one of Crumwell’s injunctions in the his grace’s pleasure and high commandment is, that]
[preceding September, that a copy of the bibleshould inthereading and hearing thereof, first most humbly]
[be placed in every parish-church.” Jenkyns. See andreverently using and addressing yourselves unto]
[Letter CX CV III. n. 3, p. 346.] it, you shall have always in your remembrance and]
[[ Now, viz. 1538, the holy bible was divulged memories, that all things contained in this book is]
[and exposed to common sale, and appointed to be the undoubted will law, and commandment of]
[had in every parish-church. And then, that the Almighty God, the only and stiaight mean to know]
[sacred book might be used with the more benefit the goodness and benefits of God towards us, and]
[both of the clergy and lay people, for this reason a the true duty of every christian man to serve him]
[declaration was issued out, to be read openly by all accordingly: and that therefore reading this book]
[curates upon the publishing of this bible, shewing with such mind and firm faith as is aforesaid, you]
[the godly ends of his majesty in permitting it to be shall first endeavour yourselves to conform your own]
[and hear it.” Strype’s Mem. of Abp. Cranmer, same; and so by your good and virtuous example]
[Vol. I. p. 90. Ed. Oxon. 1840. The following is the to encourage your wives, children, and servants to]
it chance that any doubt or question do arise, or seem to the readers and hearers of the said bible by reason of the text, then they always, for the declaration of the said doubts and questions, to resort unto such preachers as shall be lawfully admitted to preach. Which manner of reading and using of the bible I pray you, my lord, that now, in the absence of my commissary, the same may by your authority be published in your church and all other churches within the marches of Calyce, with all convenient expedition. Thus, my lord, right heartily fare you well. At Croydon, the 13th day of July. [1539.]! I pray your lordship to send unto me with expedition other articles which you have against Rauff Hare, or Broke, if you have any against them, specially since the king’s pardon, other than you have before sent hither; for the mo matters that be against them, the more it is to their condemnation.
Your loving friend, Cantuarien
To the right honourable my lord Lyle, the
king’s deputy at Calyce. CCLVIII. To Crumwell
[State Paper My very singular good lord, after my most hearty commendations; these shall be to]
[cellaneous signify unto your lordship, that I have overseen the Primer? which you sent unto me,]
[TO TS len. ———————————]
[VIII. Third]
[Tories Vol Jive well and christianly, according to the rule them any common disputation, argument, or ex-]
[Original, thereof. position of the mysteries therein contained, but that]
[Ste Papers And if at any time by reading any doubt shall every such layman should humbly, meekly, and]
[ΤΙ. Lett. xcii. come to any of you, touching the sense and meaning reverently read the same for his own instruction,]
[Todds Lissof of any part thereof; that then, not giving too much edification, and amendment of his life, according to]
[Vol. 1.p. 129, to your own minds, fantasies, and opinions, nor God’s holy word therein mentioned.” Burnet’s]
[having thereof any open reasoning in your open Hist. of Reformat. Vol. I. App. Book 111. No. 24.]
[taverns or alehouses, ye shall have recourse to such pp. 378, 9. Ed. Oxon. 1829. In the admonition]
[learned men as be or shall be authorised to preach and advertisement given [A.D. 1542] by Bonner,]
[and declare the same: so that avoiding all con- bishop of London,” (Regist. Bonner) to all readers]
[tentions and disputations in such alehouses, and of this bible in the English tongue,” it was also]
[other places unmeet for such conferences, and sub- advised, “that no number of people be specially]
[mitting your opinions to the judgments of such congregate therefore to make a multitude; and that]
[learned men as shall be appointed in this behalf, no exposition be made thereupon, otherwise than it]
[his grace may well perceive, that you use this most is declared by the book itself; and that especially]
[high benefit quietly and charitably every one of regard be had, that no reading thereof be used,]
[you, to the edifying of himself, his wife, and family, allowed, and with noise in the time of any divine]
[in all things answering to his highness’ good opinion service or sermon; or that in the same be used any]
[conceived of you, in the advancement of virtue and disputation, contention, or any other misdemeanour.”]
[suppressing of vice; without failing to use such Id. Vol. I. App. Book 111. No. 25. p. 380, 1. Vid.]
[discreet quietness and sober moderation in the pre- Cranmer’s Preface to the Bible, pp. 118—125, su-]
[mises, as is aforesaid; as you tender his grace’s pra.]]
[pleasure, and intend to avoid his high indignation, [ This paragraph is in the archbishop’s hand. ]]
[and the peril and danger that may ensue to you and [? Foxe gives a long account of the examinations]
[every of you for the contrary. of Ralph Hare, a private soldier, and of Thomas And God save the king.” Brooke, (vid. Letter CCLVI. p. 390.) and others, Also in ‘a proclamation,” (Regist. Bonner, f. «before the archbishop of Canterbury, the bishop of]
[21 “ordained by the king’s majesty, with theadvice Winchester, the bishop of Chichester, and ten others,]
[of his honourable council, for the bible of the largest appointed by the king’s majesty’s commission for]
[and greatest volume to be had in every church, de- the examination of them,” under A. D. 1544. Acts]
[vised the sixth day of May, the 33rd year [A.D. and Monuments, pp. 1224, 5. Ed. Lond. 1583.]]
[1541] of the king’s most gracious reign,” it is com- [? This letter is placed under A.D. 1537, in the]
[manded that “by the injunctions,—set forth by the State Papers, (Vol. I. Part 11. p. 559) with the]
[authority of the king’s majesty, supreme head of following note: € The Primer here alluded to is]
[the church of this his realm of England—the king’s probably that which was printed in English and]
[royal majesty intended that his loving subjects Latin, by Robert Redman, in 1537. “There was one]
[should have and use the commodities of the reading printed by John Byddell, in 1535; but that could]
[of the said bibles.humbly, meekly, reverently, not be the edition here referred to,. Crumwell]
[and obediently; and not that any of them should read had not then become keeper of the privy seal.”]
[the said bibles, with high and loud voices, in time Cranmer, however, writes July 21, 1537, to Crum-]
[of the celebration of the holy mass, and other divine well, beseeching him “to be intercessor unto the]
[services used in the church; or that any his lay sub- king’s highness for us all, that we may have his]
[jects, reading the same, should presume to take upon grace’s licence to depart for this time, until his]
and therein I have noted and amended such faults as are most worthy of reformation: divers things there are besides therein, which, if before the printing of the book had been committed unto me to oversee, I would have amended; howbeit they be not of that importance, but that for this time they may be well enough permitted and suffered to be read of the people: and the book of itself, no doubt, is very good and commendable. Thus, my lord, most heartily fare you well. At Croydon, the xxith day of July. [1539.]
Your own ever assured, Cantuarien
To the right honourable and my singular
good lord, my lord privy seal. 4. CCLIX. To Lord Lisle‘
My lord, in my right hearty wise I commend me to you. And whereas Rauf Hare with other are enjoined penance to be done in Calice according to such form and manner as I have prescribed in my late letters to you directed; forsomuch as they do fear to be imprisoned and farther corrected by you and the council; I shall desire you, my lord, although I myself suspect no such thing by you, that they may do their penance quietly without farther let or perturbation, so that they may go and come freely; for else it may be thought that justice is not indifferently ministered. Howbeit, I know your lordsbip’s discretion is such that there need no such monition in this behalf. Thus, my lord, right heartily fare you well. At Lambeth, the 28th day of July. [1539.]
Your loving friend, Cantuarien
To my very loving lord my lord Lisle,
lord deputy of Calice. CCLX. To Crumwell
[grace’s further pleasure be known; for they die in Ames’ Typogr. Antiq. Vol. III. p. 518. Ed.]
[[of the plague] almost every where in London, Lond. (Dibdin.) 1812—1819.]]
[Westminster, and in Lambeth they die at my gate, [^ This letter has not appeared in any former]
[even in the next house to me.” Vid. Letter CXC. collection.]]
[p. 338. The probability, therefore, is, that this [ Act of the Six Articles. All the marriages]
[letter was written two years later than that above of priests are declared void; and if any priest did]
[referred to, and that the Primer, of which the arch- still keep any such woman, whom he had so married,]
[bishop writes as having been sent to him for re- and lived familiarly with her, as with his wife, he]
[vision, was that printed by John Maylart for John was to be judged a felon: and if a priest lived]
[Waylande in 1539, with this title: The Primer carnally with any other woman, he was upon the]
[in English, most necessary for the education of first conviction to forfeit his benefices, goods, and]
[children, abstracted out of the Manual of Prayers, chattels, and to be imprisoned during the king’s]
[or Primer in English and Latin, set forth by John pleasure; and upon the second conviction, was to]
[[ Hilsey ], late bishop of Rochester, at the command- suffer as a felon. The women so offending were also]
[ment of the right hon. lord Thomas Crumwell, lord to be punished in the same manner-as the priests.”]
[privy seal,” &c. Descriptions of the smaller and Burnet’s Hist. of Reformat. Vol. I. p. 519. Ed.]
[larger work of the bishop of Rochester may be found Oxon. 1829.]]
expedition of the king’s grace’s pleasure, how and in what manner they shall be ordered. And as concerning the woman, if it be true which she hath confessed, as it seemeth to be, then she hath deserved somewhat the more favour for the plain confession of the truth. Thus, my lord, right heartily fare you well. At Croidon, the xxxti day of July. [1539.]
Your own assured everT. Cantuarien
To my very singular good lord, my
lord privy seal
[EXAMINATIONS OF NICOLAS SOMER AND JULIAN BAYLIE, 28 JULY, 1539. INCLOSED 1d,
In Cranmenr’s Letter of 30 July.]
The Examynation of sir Nicolas Somer, chauntrie priest of saint Nicolas Chauntrie in Croydon, the 28 day of
July, Anno Reg. VIII. 31
Examyned, saith apon his othe, that he spake not with Julian Baily sith the 12th day of July untill this last nyght paste, and that he never sent unto her sith the said 12th daye untill aboute 10 dayes agoo, at what tyme he sent unto her, by a child callid Anne Bailie, a blew lace with a treu love, whiche she had sent unto hym aboute a twelve moneth and a half past with this message, I have sente you blewe bycause you should be treu.” And moreover syns the 12th day of July she never sent unto hym any thing or message. Never-theles about 6 daies paste the said Anne seyd that she marvelid whie he should be angrie, seyng she hadd not deservyd his angar. And he gave her no occasion to thinke he was angrie with her, saving that he loked not upon her with so mery a countenaunce as he was wonte to do, bycause he would have had her to have withdrawne her mynde frome hym.
CCLXI. To Crumwell
My very singular good lord, after my most hearty commendations; these shall be to ^ advertise your lordship, that I have received your letters for the preferment of Mr doctor Peter” unto doctor Wotton’s? room of the faculties, when it shall chance by the promotion of the said doctor Wotton to be void. Surely, my lord, I would be as glad of Mr Peter’s preferment as of any man’s living to that office, for such good qualities as I know in him of old; but indeed, my lord, I have promised it unto my commissary doctor Nevynson’, who hath of me twenty marks by year, and can spend no penny, with condition that he should surrender it into my hands when I had given him a benefice: wherefore if your lordship of your goodness will provide some benefice for my commissary, I shall both satisfy your lordship’s request, and deliver myself of my promise:
[[! In the examination of Julian Baylie, which Strype’s Mem. of Abp. Cranmer, Vol. I. p. 102]
[follows the above among the State Papers, the con- Ed. Oxon. 1840. [A.D. 1539] “he was appointed]
[fession is more circumstantial than Sir Nicholas’s, archdeacon of Gloucester, and refused a bishopric.”]
[and in some important points contradictory to it; Chalmers, Biogr. Dict. art. Wotton. Le Neve’s]
[but the whole character of it is too gross to be here Fasti, p. 104.]]
[printed. ] [ Probably Christopher Newinson or Nevison, [3 Vid. Letter CLX. p. 315.] LL.D. one of the royal visitors appointed by the [? [4. n. 1538.] This year, Oct. 6, I meet king’s majesty, to visit the churches of West-]
[with a commission ad facultates,” granted by the minster, London, Norwich, and Ely;” and one of]
[archbishop to a famous man, Nicholas Wotton, the honourable umpires” at Oxford, A.D. 1549,]
[LL.D., a man of great learning.In this office he in the disputation concerning transubstantiation]
[constituted Wotton his commissary or deputy for.wherein P. Martyr the respondent did acquit]
[the term of his natural life. He succeeded Ed- himself very sufficiently.” Strype’s Eccl. Mem.]
[mund Boner, master of the archbishop’s faculties, Vol. 11. part r. p. 74. Ed. Oxon. 1822. Mem. of]
[now preferred to the bishopric of Hereford.” Abp. Cranmer, Vol. I. p. 206.]]
and this I write, by cause I have many to provide for, and little to provide them of. As concerning the king’s majesty, I will not strive with his highness: howbeit I suppose the gift should appertain unto me, considering Mr Wotton hath it but only at my pleasure. Thus, my lord, most heartily fare you well. At Ford, the xth day of September. [1539.]
Your own assured everT. Cantuarien
To my very singular good lord, my
lord privy seal.
CCLXII. To Crumwell
My very singular good lord, after my right hearty commendations unto your lordship,
these shall be to desire you to have in your remembrance sir Henry Corbett’, the Dutch priest, for whom I have sued divers times unto your lordship for some honest stipend, beseeching your lordship to move the king’s grace in his favour in this behalf. I ensure you he is almost in despair of a living, forsomuch as he supposeth your lordship hath utterly forgotten him; and for so doing your lordship shall not only do a very good deed, and dispatch yourself of an importunate suitor, but also discharge me of such costs as I am at in keeping of him. Thus, my lord, right heartily fare you well. From Croydon, the 7th day of October. [1539.]
Your own ever assured, Cantuarien
To my very singular good lord, my
lord privy seal.
CCLXIII. To Crumwell”
My very singular good lord, after my right hearty commendations unto your lordA e… ele ship, these shall be to signify unto the same, that all such examinations, inquisitions, and
oye
other such writings as I have concerning any matters of Calyce, be in the hands and custody of my register, Antony Hussey, unto whom I have direct my letters, that he shall with all expedition repair unto your lordship with all such writings as he hath concerning the said matters. Thus, my lord, right heartily fare you well. At Croydon, this 2nd of November. [1539.]
Your own assured evr, Cantuarien
To my very singular good lord, my
lord privy seal.
CCLXIV. To Crumwell-’
[My very singular good lord, after my most hearty commendations; these shall be to state Paper]
[signify unto your lordship, that Bartelett and Edward Whitechurche hath been with me, Ibid. Original. SE State Papers,]
[[^ See Letter CCL. p. 386. ] referred to by the archbishop; and his allusion in yi]
[5 This letter has not been printed in any former the above letter to the preface, which was first pre- pp 599, 90]
[collection. The date is probably A.D. 1539, and the fixed to that edition, confirms the supposition that]
[letter itself may refer to the examinations of Hare, it had reference only to this copy. For a full ac-]
[Brook, and others. Vid. Letters CCLVI. CCLVII. count of this bible and the circumstances connected]
[p. 390. ] with its publication, vid. Anderson’s Annals of the]
[[^ The date assigned to this letter in the State English Bible, Vol. II. pp. 86, 7, 130, et sqq. Vid.]
[Papers is A. D. 1538, which in all probability arose also Todd’s Life of Abp. Cranmer, Vol. I. p. 238.]
[from “the popular mistake of ascribing the bibles Strype’s Mem. of Cranmer, Vol. I. p. 120. State]
[issuing from the press in 1539 to Cranmer.” The Papers, Vol. I. pp. 589, 90. Lewis’s Hist. of Eng.]
[great bible, which appeared April, A.D. 1540, as Bibles, pp. 121, 136. Ed. Lond. 1818. Cotton’s List]
[observed by Dr Jeukyns, is undoubtedly that here of Editions, pp. 6, 118. Ed. Oxon. 1821.]]
and have by their accounts declared the expenses and charges of the printing of the great bibles; and by the advice of Bartelett I have appointed them to be sold for 13s. 4d. apiece, and not above. Howbeit Whitechurche informeth me, that your lordship thinketh it a more convenient price to have them sold at 10s. apiece, which in respect of the great charges, both of the paper, which in very deed is substantial and good, and other great hinderances, Whitechurche and his fellow thinketh it a small price. Nevertheless they are right well contented to sell them for 10s., so that you will be so good lord unto them as to grant henceforth none other licence to any other printer saving to them, for the printing of the said bible; for else they think that they shall be greatly hindered thereby, if any other should print, they sustaining such charges as they already have done. Wherefore I shall beseech your lordship, in consideration of their travail in this behalf, to tender their requests; and they have promised me to print in the end of their bibles the price thereof, to the intent the king’s liege people shall not henceforth be deceived of their price. Farther, if your lordship hath known the king’s highness pleasure concerning the preface of the bible which I sent to you to oversee, so that his grace doth allow the same, I pray you that the same may be delivered unto the said Whitchurche unto printing, trusting that it shall both encourage many slow readers, and also stay the rash judgments of them that read therein. Thus our Lord have your good lordship in his blessed tuition. At Lambeth, the 14th day of November. [1539.]
Your own ever assured, Cantuarien
To my singular good lord, my lord
privy seal. CCLXV. To Crumwell
My very singular good lord, after my most hearty commendations; these shall be to advertise your lordship, that I have received your letters dated the xxvii. day of Novem- ^ ber; and therewith a bill concerning the device for the new establishment to be made in the metropolitan church of Canterbury; by which your lordship requireth mine advice Re. thereupon by writing, for our mutual consents.
Surely, my lord, as touching the book drawn and the order of the same, I think that it will be a very substantial and godly foundation: nevertheless in my opinion the prebendaries, which be allowed 40/7. apiece yearly, might be altered to a more expedient use. And this is my consideration; for having experience both in time past and also in our days, how the said sect of prebendaries have not only spent their time in much idleness, and their substance in superfluous belly cheer, I think it not to be a convenient state or degree to be maintained and established, considering first, that commonly a prebendary is neither a learner, nor teacher, but a good viander. Then by the same name they look to be chief, and to bear all the whole rule and preeminence in the college where they be resident: by means whereof the younger, of their own nature given more to pleasure, good cheer, and pastime, than to abstinence, study, and learning, shall easily be brought
[[! i.e. Grafton. Vid. Anderson’s Annals of the bited any bible being printed in English for five]
[English Bible, Vol. 11. p. 87. Neither of the editions yearswithout Crumwell’slicence."" State Papers, Vol.]
[which appeared in A.D. 1539 appear to have been 1. pp. 561, 590. For the king’s letters patents for]
[printed by Berthelet and Whitechurch jointly. State printing the bible in English,” and the proclama-]
[Papers, Vol. I. pp. 589, 90.] tion ordained by the king’s majesty, with the advice]
[[? “This advice was followed by a proclamation, of his honourable council, for the bible of the largest]
[to which the date of 14 Nov. 31 Hen. VIII, (i.e. and greatest volume to be had in every church, de-]
[1539) is assigned by Rymer (Vol. XIV. p. 649). vised 6th of May, the 33rd year” of Hen. VIII.,]
[The 14th of Nov. is more likely to be the true date vid. Burnet’s Hist. of Reformation, Vol. I. part 11.]
[of the document; for it would then precede (as it Book 111. Nos. xv. and xxiv. pp. 291, 2. 378—900.]
[probably did) all the editions of Cranmer’s bible, and Ed. Oxon. 1829.]]
[would be contemporaneous with this volume, which [3 Vid. pp. 116—125 supra.]
[was manifestly written before the first of those [ The bill concerning the device is printed after]
[editions was published. “This proclamation prohi- this letter.]]
from their books to follow the appetite and example of the said prebendaries, being their heads and rulers. And the state of prebendaries hath been so excessively abused, that when learned men hath been admitted unto such room, many times they have desisted from their good and godly studies, and all other christian exercises of preaching and teaching. Wherefore, if it may so stand with the king’s gracious pleasure, I would wish that not only the name of a prebendary were exiled his grace’s foundations, but also the superfluous conditions of such persons. I cannot deny but that the beginning of prebendaries was no less purposed for the maintenance of good learning and good con- versation of living, than religious men were: but forasmuch as both be gone from their first estate and order, and the one is found like offender with the other, it maketh no great matter if they perish both together: for, to say the truth, it is an estate which St Paul, reckoning up the degrees and estates allowed in his time, could not find in the church of Christ. And I assure you, my lord, that I think it will better stand with the maintenance of christian religion, that in the stead of the said prebendaries were twenty divines at £10. apiece, like as it is appointed to be at Oxford and Cambridge; and forty students in the tongues, and sciences, and French, to have 10 marks apiece; for if such a number be not there resident, to what intent should so many readers be there? And surely it were great pity that so many good lectures should be there read in vain: for as for your prebendaries, they cannot attend to apply lectures, for making of good cheer. And as for your sixty children in grammar, their master and their usher be daily otherwise occupied in the rudiments of grammar, than that they may have space and time to hear the lectures: so that to these good lectures is prepared no convenient auditory. And therefore, my lord, I pray you let it be considered, what a great loss it will be to have so many good lectures read without profit to any, saving to the six preachers. Farther, as concerning the reader of divinity and humanity, it will not agree well that one man should be a reader of both lectures. For he that studieth in divinity, must leave the reading of profane authors, and shall have as much to do as he can to prepare his lecture to be substantially read. And in like manner, he that readeth in humanity, had not need to alter his study, if he should make an erudite lecture. And therefore in mine opinion it would be two offices for two sundry learned men.
Now concerning the dean and other to be elected into the college, I shall make a bill of all them that I can hear of in Cambridge, Oxford, or elsewhere, meet to put into the said college, after my judgment; and then of the whole number the king’s highness may choose the most excellent: assuring you, my lord, that I know no man more meet for the dean’s room in England than doctor Crome, who by his sincere learning, godly conversation, and good example of living, with his great soberness, hath done unto the king’s majesty as good service, I dare say, as any priest in England. And yet his grace daily remembereth all other that doth him service, this man only except, who never had yet, besides his gracious favour, any promotion at his highness’ hands. Wherefore, if it would please his majesty to put him in the dean’s room, I do not doubt but that he should shew light to all the deans and masters of colleges in this realm. For I know that when he was but president of a college in Cambridge, his house was better ordered than all the houses in Cambridge besides.
And thus, my lord, you have my final advice concerning thé premises, which I refer unto the king’s graces judgment, to be allowed or disallowed at his highness’ pleasure; sending unto your lordship herewithal the bill again, according to your request. Thus, my lord, most heartily fare you well. At Croydon, the xxix. day of November. [1539.]
Your own ever assured
To my very singular good lord, my T. CANTUARIEN.
lord privy seal
[5 Dr Crome was not appointed.—Vid. Exami- of purgatory, inferred this,.that if trentals and]
[nation of Roland Philips, p. 339, supra. m. 9. chauntry masses could avail the souls in purgatory,]
[About the month of December, A.D. 1545, the then did the parliament not well in giving away]
[next Lent following, Dr Crome preaching in the monasteries, colleges, and chauntries, which served]
[Mercers’ Chapel, among other reasons and persua- principally to that purpose. But if the parliament]
[sions to rouse the people from the vain opinions did well (as no man could deny) in dissolving]
Christs Church, in Canterbury
d £. sd. £. s. d. First, A provost «ee 100 0 0 — “Item, A master of the children. 10 00 Item, Twelve prebendaries, every of them Fem, A BOSPELET. cverirarsserintsvnsivinene: SM at 401. by the year, sum. 480 00 tem, An epistler. eere 5 68 Jtem, Six preachers, every of them 20]. a « Tiem, Two sacristans.ivcivereenserneyes 6 13 4 year. ÁO. 120 0 0 Item, One chief butler, his wages and Jtem, A reader of humanity, in Greek, diet. 110r rette rata eno tenen 413 4 by year AM 90. 0 0 — “Item, One under butler, his wages and ftem, A reader in divinity in Hebrew diels.- 10e e dedii eee Irak e adaidn sedere nt rans i τ ED B by Year.«ἀὐὐ τε, 30 0 0 — “Item, A cater to buy their diets, for his Jtem, A reader both in divinity and hu- wages, diets, and making of his books 6 13 4 manity, in Latin, by the year. 40 0 0 “Item, One chief cook, his wages and Jtem, A reader of civil. 20 00 IBLE vest iv te ee ee ner eoe εν Fox Pee eR ecu 4 13 4 Item, A reader of physic. 20 00 tem, One under cook, his wages and Item, Twenty students in divinity, to be dietus erento edes eene idt eee tente recon Tn 3 68 found ten at Oxford, and ten at Cam- Hom, TWO porter eee 0 090 bridge, every of them 107. by the year 200 0 0 “tem, Twelve poor men, being old and Ttem, Sixty scholars to be taught both serving men, decayed by the wars or
grammar and logic in Hebrew, Greek, in the king’s service, every of them
and Latin, every of them five marks at 67. 13s. 4d. by the year. 80 00 by the year. 200 00 — Item, To be distributed yearly in alms. 100 0 0 Item, A school-master 207. and an usher Item, For yearly reparations. 100 00 104 by the year. 30 00 — Jtem, Six to be employed yearly, for Item, Eight petty canons to sing in the making and emending of highways. 40 00 choir, every of them 107. by the year. 80 0 0 Item, A steward of the lands. 6 13 4 Item, Twelve laymen to sing also, and Fem, An auditor.- eene 110 90 serve in the choir, every of them Item, For the provost’s expenses in re- 61.135. 4d. by the your. 80 00 ceiving the rents and surveying the Ttem, Ten choristers, every of them five lands, by the year. io edere errore 6 13 4 marks by the year. 33 24
At what time the Cathedral Church of Canterbury [was] newly erected, altered, and changed from monks to secular men of the clergy, in the time of king Henry the VIIL, as to prebendaries, canons, petty canons, choristers, and scholars, there were present at that erection Thomas Cranmer, archbishop of Canterbury, the lord Riche, chancellor of the court of the augmentation of the revenues of the crown, sir Christopher Hallis, knight, the king’s attorney, sir Antony Sencteleger, knight, with divers other commissioners. And taking upon them to nominate and elect such convenient and apt persons, as should serve for the furniture of the said cathedral church, according to the new foundation, it came to pass, that when they should elect the children of the grammar-school, there were of the commissioners mo than one or two, which would have none admitted but younger brethren and gentlemen’s sons. As for other husbandmen’s children, they were more meet, they said, for the plough and to be artificers, than to occupy the place of the learned sort; so that they wished none else to be put to school but only gentlemen’s children.
Whereunto that most reverend father, Thomas Cranmer, archbishop of Canterbury, being of a contrary mind, said, that he thought it not indifferent so to order the matter. For (said he), poor men’s children are many times endued with more singular gifts of nature, which are also the gifts of God, as with eloquence, memory, apt pronunciation, sobriety, with such like, and also commonly more given to apply their study, than is the gentleman’s son delicately educated.
Whereunto it was on the other part replied, that it was meet for the ploughman’s son to go to plough, and the artificer’s son to apply the trade of his parent’s vocation, and the gentlemen’s children are meet to have the knowledge of government and rule in the commonwealth: for we have as much need of ploughmen as of any other state, and all sorts of men may not go to school.
Τ grant (quoth the archbishop) much of your meaning herein, as needful in a commonwealth; but yet utterly to exclude the ploughman’s son and the poor man’s son from the benefit of learning, as though they were unworthy to have the gifts of the Holy Ghost bestowed upon them, as well as upon others, is as much to say, as that Almighty God should not be at liberty to bestow his great gifts of grace upon any person, nor no where else but as we and other men shall appoint them to be employed, according to our fancy, and not according to his most godly will and pleasure; who giveth his gifts, both of learning and other perfec- ͵ tions in all sciences, unto all kinds and states of people indifferently. Even so doth he many times withdraw from them and their posterity again those beneficial gifts, if they be not thankful. If we should shut up into a strait corner the bountiful grace of the Holy Ghost, and thereupon attempt to build our fancies, we should make as perfect a work thereof, as those that took upon them to build the tower of Babelon. For God would so provide, that the offspring of other best born children should peradventure become most unapt to learn and very dull, as I myself have seen no small number of them very dull and without all manner of
[them, and bestowing the same upon the king; then charity, were so charitable to him, that on Easter]
[is it a plain case, that such chauntries and private next they brought him coram nobis,” where they]
[masses do nothing confer to relieve them in pur- so handled him that they made him to recant. And]
[gatory. This dilemma of Dr Crome, no doubt, was if he had not, they would have dissolved him and]
[insoluble. But notwithstanding, the charitable his argument in burning fire.” Foxe’s Acts and]
[prelates, for all the king’s late exhortation unto Monuments, p. 1234. Ed. Lond. 1583.]]
capacity. And, to say the truth, I take it that none of us all here, being gentlemen born, (as I think), but had our beginning that way from a low and base parentage: and through the bénefit of learning and other civil knowledge, for the most part, all gentles ascend to their estate.
“Then it was again answered, that the most part of the nobility came up by feat of arms and martial acts.
“As though (quoth the archbishop) that the noble captain was always unfurnished of good learning and knowledge, to persuade and dissuade his army rhetorically, which rather that way is brought unto authority than else his manly looks. To conclude, the poor man’s son by pains-taking will for the most part be learned, when the gentleman’s son will not take the pains to get it. And we are taught by the scriptures, that Almighty God raiseth up from the dunghill and setteth him in high authority; and, when so it pleaseth him, of his divine providence, deposeth princes unto a right humble and poor estate. Wherefore if the gentleman’s son be apt to learning, let him be admitted: if not apt, let the poor man’s child apt enter his room. With such like words in effect.”
CCLXVI. To Crumwell
My very singular good lord, after most hearty recommendations; this shall be to signify unto your lordship, that at my first being archbishop of Canterbury, my lord of Wiltshire desired me to grant unto master Heath the deanery of South Mallyng, which I did; and after that time master Heath was much slandered with the name thereof, and called master dean of South Mallyng, until such time as I gave the advowson thereof unto you, by the which Mr Herytage obtained the same, and so master Heath lost it at that time. In consideration whereof, forasmuch as Mr Heath was then disappointed thereof by your lordship’s suit, and considering also how small a living he hath, and that he had never but one small benefice of my gift, and also considering how meet a man he is to have some good thing, I trust, knowing my mind that I am purposed to bestow this on him, you will be very glad thereof, and not require it from him. I consider how necessary it were for your lordship to plant your friends about those parties, forasmuch as you have now so much land there; and therefore I would very fain satisfy your request herein: but 1 trust surely that you can put in that deanery no man that shall be more assured unto you, and do you better service, than Mr Heath shall do. Thus Almighty God preserve your lordship in long health and wealth to his pleasure! From Ford, the 18th day of December. [1539.]
Your own ever assured
To my very singular good lord, T. CANTUARIEN.
my lord privy seal.
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