[Postils, p. 93. Ibid. 2nd. [ts nature.]
[4 In pages 141, 142, 146, 176, 182, the papal schism, and in several places the papal crusades,]
[are distinctly mentioned. In page 163 is a farther allusion to Richard as reigning.]
offerings from the people, that liveth in lust and idleness, and profiteth not to his people? Certainly this were a fiend’s law to give God’s part to such men.” On the papal supremacy he did not scruple to speak thus—’ We suppose that Antichrist, the head of all these evil men, is the pope of Rome.”?
Section on the Remaining Writings of Wycliffe Still in Manuscript, and Including Such Works as Are Known Only by Their Titles
XXXII. CoNTRA MENDICITATEM VALIDAM. In English, and beginning — Most Worshipful and Gentlest Lord Duke of Glocester. It sets forth the substance of a discussion before the duke on questions at issue between a clergyman and a friar. The former half of it is occupied in giving a summary of the debate as it respected certain theological opinions; the latter presents some of the most plausible things to be said in favour of the begging practices of the friars, with the common arguments opposed to that usage. In the preliminary discussion Wycliffe states, “God is so good, that in each goodness he is before, and in each evil he cometh after the effect.” This is one of a collection of MSS. in Trinity College, Dublin. Class C. Tab. iii. No. 12. The volume containing it is thus described in the Catalogus Librorum Manuscrip-torum Anglie et Hibernie,” published in Oxford in 1697, as “Jo.
[Postils. In pages 10, 122, 126, 134, 151, 152, 159, are similar passages.]
[Ibid. p. 176. True men say, that so long as Christ is in heaven, the church has in him the]
[best pope, who is head of all saints, and distauce either more or less hindereth not Christ to do his]
[deeds as he promiseth, and he saith he is with his own always to the end of the world. It is granted]
[that the church beneath hath a head, that is Christ. head of angels and of men, all that are or shall]
[be saved, and we dare not put two heads lest the church be monstrous. Peter was not head of the]
[church, but captain of the church; and surely warriors would scorn the reasoning which saith that]
[ifa man is captain he is head. Peter was captain for a time, and afterwards Pau) was captain. But]
[these blind buzzards should first know what Christ’s church truly is. There are three churches of]
[Christ. One that hath vanquished and is above; another that sleepeth in purgatory; and neither of]
[these requireth such a pope. But the third is fighting here; and this, with the others, require Christ]
[as their head. And the man who is most meek, most poor, and most serviceable to the church, is its]
[captain, by the judgment of the Head above. If men seek well they shall find that it may not be]
[proved that it is reasonable to have such a pope, for nothing should prove it except of these three—]
[a right understanding of the words of Christ; evidence of man’s Jaw; or custom, with the opinion]
[of much people. But none of these may prove anything in this case,“—Postils, p. 181. Two pages]
[further on the preacher states, that the only authorised and rcquisite orders in the church are priests]
[and deacons.]
Catalogue of Manuscripts. 91
Wicliffe’s Works to the Duke of Lancaster in 1868.” But this description is by a modern hand, and is erroneous. Most of the pieces in that volume are manifestly of a much later date. There is no ground to suppose that any of them should be ascribed to a period so early as 1368, except the piece intitled, DE UrTIMA ZETATE EccLEsLe, of which mention wil be made in the section relating to works of the Reformer which have been printed. The mention of the year 1356 in that tract, has probably led to the error in respect to the date of the other pieces. We have no means of fixing the date of this piece addressed to the Duke of Glocester. It should not, I think, be placed among his earlier or his latest productions.
XXXII. De SATEANE ASTU CONTRA FipEM. This tract begins, The Jiend seeketh many ways to mar men in belief. It consists of two pages only, and is in the same volume with the preceding piece, in Trin. Coll. Dub. XXXIV. IN REGULAM MiNorITARUM. In English, in C.C.C. Cambridge. Sometimes described as the RULE or Sr. FRANCIS—THE TESTAMENT OF Br. Francis.
XXXV. DETERMINATIONES EUCHARISTLE:—AD RATIONIS KYNINGHAM: — and, DETERMINATIONES MAGISTRI J. WICKLYFF CONTRA CARMELITAM KYNING-HAM, appear to be different descriptions of the same treatise, which was an answer to a Carmelite friar concerning a pretended miracle urged in support of the doctrine of transubstantiation. C.C.C. College, Cambridge. Lambeth Library. Knighton de Event. Anglie, p. 2650. XXXVI. DE QuEsTIONIBUS VARUS CONTRA CLERUM. In English, in Lambeth Palace Library. Cat. MS. 151. Another copy in the same library, No. 30, called QuEsrioNEs XXVI. It begins, Almighty God in Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, both in the old law and the new.
XXXVII De Mobo Onawpr In English, in the Bodleian Library, Laud, C. 8, and in the British Museum, Cotton MSS. Titus D. xix. It is also intitled, DE DuopeciM IMPEDIMENTIS PRECATIONUM, or, THE TWELVE LETTINGS OF PRAYER. In the prologue of the MS. in the British Museum, the twelve hinderances of prayer are enumerated— sin, doubting, asking things we ought not,” &c.
XXXVI. Dr ANma. A part of this treatise, under the title, DE INCARNATIONE VERBI, is in the British Museum. Bib. Reg. 7, B. iii.
[XXXIX. De VigrUTIBUS ET Virus. In the British Museum, is a short]
tract under this title. Titus, D. xix. It treats on the following matters: THE SEVEN WORKS OF MERCY, BODILY AND GHOSTLY; FIVE BODILY WITS; FIVE WITS GHOSTLY; THE CARDINAL VIRTUES; SEPTEM MORTALIA PECCATA. “In Bib. Reg. 7, A. xxvi. is another copy of this tract which varies considerably from the former: in some instances the chapters are abridged, in others the chapters considerably altered,—a liberty very common with the transcribers of those times. This MS. varies from the preceding in another respect, as it treats of the SEVEN SACRAMENTS; Six MANNERS OF CONSENTING TO SIN; Four THINGS THAT NEEDEN TO MAN.” Baber, 47.
XL. Pauper Rusticus; CoNFESSIO DERELICTI PauPERIS; and the Pore Camrrr—different titles of the same treatise. It consists of a series of tracts in English, intended to present the elements of religious instruction in a form adapted to the humblest of the people capable of reading. It is described by its author, as sufficient to teach simple men and women, of good-will, the right way to heaven.” There are copies of this work in the Lambeth Palace Library; in Trinity College, Dublin; and in the British Museum. These collections vary a little from each other. The pieces included in the Dublin MS. are as follows: Or THE CnEED.— The ground of all goodness is stedfast faith, &c. OF THE Con-MANDMENTS,—A man asked of Christ what he should do, &c. OF THE PaTERNOSTER,— Christ saith, Who that loveth me shall keep my commandments, &c. OF PEnrEcT LiFE,— Christ, not compelling, but freely counselling each man, &c. OF TeMPTATION,—But he that is verily fed with this bread that came down, &c. Or THE CHARTER oF our HEAVENLY Hxnrr-AGE,—Fvery wise man that claimeth his heritage, &c. OF GnosrLY BarrLE,—T’he Almighty saith by holy Job, &c. Or THE Love or JEsus, Whoever you be that araiest thee to love God, &c. Or Maw’s wiLLEvery deed punishable, either reproveable of man’s will, &c. Or CoxrEw-PLATIVE LiFE,— Christ loved much Mary, and Martha her sister, &c. OF CaasrITY,—4 write this treatise in five short chapters, &c. The substance of this work has been printed in the British Reformers, from the copy in the British Museum.
XLI. Expositio OraTiONIS DowrNiCE. This is a different comment on the Lord’s Prayer from that which forms part of the “Pore Catif” It enters more on the subject of ecclesiastical abuses. In Lambeth Library, Cott. MSS. 594, is a transcript of the ’ Prologus in Expositionem Orationis Dominiem. Herein are condemned the lucrative catholic tenets of works of supererogation, indulgences, and auricular confession, and the Romish hierarchy are reproved for withholding from the people the scriptures in the vernacular tongue.” Baber, 48. Lewis, No. 89.
XLII. IN ArocaLypsiN. This is an exposition of parts of the Apocalypse. It begins thus—Saint Paul the apostle saith that all those who would live meekly in Christ Jesus, &c. It is in the British Museum, Bib. Reg. E. 67.
XLIII. SERMO IN FESTO ANIMARUM; DE SERMONE DoMINI IN MONTE; and OcTE BEATITUDINES, appear to be different titles of the same work. It is in English in the British Museum, Cott. MSS. Titus, D. xix. It is in Latin in Trinity College, Cambridge, MS. 362. S.C. 5. 8. No. 13. The English discourse begins — Friends, St. John Chrysostom on the homily upon this Gospel saith, &c. —Wycliffe was charged with having published seventy-four erroneous opinions in this discourse.
XLIV. Ix XVIL capur Joawxis. Publevatis oculis in cadum Jesus. This is a homily in English, beginning— Tis Gospel of John telleth what loves, &c. It is among the Wycliffe MSS. in C.C.C. Cambridge.
XLV. De Surpo Er Muro APUD MARCUM. terum exiens de finibus Tyri. This is another homily in English. It begins— Tis Gospel telleth a miracle, &c. It is in Trinity College, Cambridge, MS. 349. Class 4.
XLVI. De Puariszo ET PuBLicaNo. This is a detached homily also, attributed to Wycliffe. Lewis, No. 97. It begins—This Gospel telleth in a parable, &c.
XLVII. SpecuLun PEccATORIS. Quoniam ín via sumus vite labentis. This tract has the English title— VisiTATION OF SICK MEN, and begins thus— My dear son or daughter, it seemeth that thou lightest fast, &c. &cIt is attributed to Wycliffe, and is in the British Museum. Bib. Reg. E. 1782.
XLVIIL AUGUSTINUS ARGUAM TE QUANDO NESCIS. It begins— The holy Doctor St. Austin, speaking in the person of Christ. lt is in the collection, C.C.C. Cambridge. ’ XLIX. SrrecuLUM SEcuLARIUM DoumoruM. Cum veritas fidei eo plus rutilet. “Archbishop Usher tells us that a copy of this tract is in MS. in the King’s Library, in Latin. By what his grace has transcribed from it, it appears that Dr. Wiclif had written before, PRosPECULUM SECULARUM DowmoRUM, in English.” Lewis, No. 187.
L. Dz Braspuemia. “Archbishop Usher quotes this tract in his book
De Christianarum Ecclesiarum Successione, and tells us that in it Wiclif observes that the true doctrine of the sacrament of the eucharist was retained in the church a thousand years, ‘ even till the loosing of Satan.” Lewis, No. 199.
LI. Five Bopry WirTs. There is a tract under this title in Trinity College, Cambridge, B.8. 37. It begins—Thus should a man rule his Jive bodily witts.
LII. Seven Works or BopiLy Mercy, and SEVEN DEEDs or GHOSTLY Mercy. Works with these titles are in the Public Library of Cambridge, 120. No. 467.
LIII Or Pmmr. It begins— Pride is too much love that a man hath to himself, &c. Bib. Reg. Titus, D. xix.
LIV. Dr AcruBUs ANIME. There is a Latin treatise under this title in C.C.C. Cambridge, attributed to Wycliffe. It begins— Gratia dicendarum restat tractatus de actubus.
LV. HERE BEGINNETH THE NINE VIRTUES, &c. There is a tract in the British Museum under this title, attributed to Wycliffe. Bib. Reg. E. 1732. It begins— Al manner of men should hold God’s biddings, &c.
LVI. A Discourse IN oLD ENGLISH AGAINST THE VICES OF THE CLERGY, AND THE USURPATIONS OF THE BisHOP OF ROME IN THE AFFAIRS OF THE CuuRCH oF ENGLAND, DRAWN UP IN THIRTY-SEVEN ARTICLES. Trinity College, Dublin, Class C. Tab. i. No. 14. This work is also in the British Museum, Bib. Reg. Titus, D., and is attributed to Wycliffe by Wanley. It is throughout expressive of Wycliffe’s opinions, and many passages are transcripts from his different works: it may be the work of the Reformer, or it may have been an attempt on the part of some disciple to bring the sum of his doctrines together, in the shape of so many distinct articles.
LVII. Or Texpration or THE Fienp. There is an imperfect work under this title in Trinity College, Dublin, Class C. Tab. iii. No. 12.
LVIII. How MEN oF PRIVATE RELIGION SHOULD LOVE MORE THE GOSPEL or Gop’s HEests, AND His ORDINANCE, THAN ANY NEW LAWS, NEW RULES, AND Customs oF siNFUL MEN. This is a piece which immediately follows the preceding in the same collection, pp. 152—156.
LIX. TRAcTATUS EvANGELU DE SERMONE Domini IN MoNTE, CUM. Expo-srrorio OgaTioNIS DomiNice. — This is the title given to the first section of & manuscript volume in Trinity College, Dublin, Class C. Tab. i. No. 28. These expositions, with a further exposition of the sixth and seventh chapters of Matthew, extend, if my notes may be trusted on this point, to page 195 of the volume.
TRACTATUS DE ANTICHRISTO, cum expositorio in xxiii. xxiv. xxv. cap. St. Matthew. This work closes with page 818.
TRACTATUS IN SERMONEM DOMINI, QUEM FECERAT VALEDICENDO DISCIPULIS SUIS. pp. 318—838.
These three pieces, as bearing three distinct titles, have been not unnaturally described separately, in the catalogue of the Trinity College MSS., and by Bale, Lewis, and other writers. It is plain, however, from certain passages, that they have a connexion with each other, though they appear to have been written as separate treatises, and to have been first known as such to the Reformer’s disciples.
LX. TractaTus DE sTATU INNOCENTLE. This work is in the same volume. It extends to about seventeen pages, and begins— Ut supradicta magis appareant oportet parumper disgredi. To what this supradicta” refers, does not appear; and it is not uncommon in the writings of Wycliffe to find parts of treatises thus detached, and known by separate titles, —a circumstance which has added much to the difficulty of presenting a complete and accurate account of his productions.
LXI. TRacTATUS DE Tempore. This work is detached from its original connexion. It is the treatise described by the same title in Trinity College Library, Cambridge, and numbers thirty-seven pages in the Dublin volume, but not more than ten of the large folio volume in Cambridge.
The remaining part of this volume is occupied with pieces expository of different passages of Scripture, and with one document under the following title:—
LXII. DE Caprivo HisPANENsI— FILIA COMITIS DE DENE INCARCE-RATO INFRA SEPTA WESTMONAST. It relates to a question concerning the rights of sanctuary. I am not aware of the ground on which it has been attributed to Wycliffe. Wycliffe’s connexion with John of Gaunt may have led to his giving publicity to such a paper. Mention is made of the case to which it refers by several historians, and a number of papers relating to it may be seen in Rymer’s Feedera.
LXIIL De VERiTATE ScriPTURE. A large work under this title is
preserved in the Bodleian Library, and in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. The copy in the Bodleian is imperfect at the beginning, the first page commencing in a part of the first chapter. The copy in Dublin, which ise perfect, commences with these words,— Restat parumper discutere errores et concordias circa sensus Scriptura hodie plus solito seminatos, tum quia in ea consistit salus fidelium. The treatise ends thus,— [stud itaque dixerim pro nunc in communi de heresi, ut sciatur er fructu veritatis Scripture notare et cavare hereticos, et ut planius intelligatur tractatus de simonia, quem si Deus voluerit diffusius pertractare. The close of the Bodleian MS. agrees with that of the MS. in Dublin, but the first page is without any initial letter or heading, and begins in the middle of a sentence.
In both manuscripts the chapters are thirty-one in number, but the chapters six and seven are not duly marked in the Bodleian copy. This copy closes on the middle of the last page, and the scribe has indicated the completeness of the work by placing its title in the space below.
The volume in the Bodleian is a small folio; it numbers 621 pages, and each page consists of about twenty-six lines. The Dublin copy does not exceed 244 pages, but the pages are larger, and doublecolumned, with nearly a thousand words in each. The volume in the Bodleian includes no other treatise; in the Dublin volume the De Veritate Scripture is followed by three other treatises, bearing the following titles:—DE SiMONIA—DE AposTAsiA—DE BLasPHEMIA. The treatise DE SiMoNIA begins thus,—Post generalem sermonem de heresi, restat de ejus partibus pertractandum. It consists of eight chapters, and extends to about forty pages. The treatise DE APosrAsl4 commencesRestat ulterius ponere aliud. principium pro ambitu heresis simoniace perscrutando; quamvis enim simonia, blasfemia, et apostasia committuntur ad subsistendi, &c. It extends to nearly twenty pages, and is divided into two chapters. The remaining part of the volume is occupied with the treatise De BLasPnuEMIA, which begins—Restat succincte de blasfemia pertractandum. Est autem blasfemia insipiens detractio honoris “domini.
It has been supposed, partly from the order in which these pieces succeed each other, and partly from the references made in them from one to the other, that they were all portions of a large theological work. This notion derives some support also from the manner in which the names of these pieces occur in a work bearing the title Summa TnuEoLocicA. “This title appears in a very ancient manuscript catalogue of Wycliffe’s writings, which is in the imperial library at Vienna. The work is described as consisting of twelve chapters, the titles of which are as follows:—1. Dr ManpaTis. 2. DE SraTU. INNOCENTIE.
LXIV. In a volume in Trinity College, Dublin, are the following works attributed fo Wycliffe. Class C. Tab. 5. No. 6.
1. Three pieces, on the CREED, the PATERNOSTER, and the Ave Maria, two pages each. The first begins— Jt is sooth that belief is grounded, &c. The second— We shall believe that this Paternoster, &c. The third— Men greet commonly our Lady, God’s moder, &c.
whole being directed after his manner against the friars; and the fourth heresy, which is said to consist in saying, ‘ that the sacred host is in no manner bread, but either nought, or an accident without a subject,” shows that this is one of the Reformer’s later productions. Fol. 4—9.
nt Or THE DECALOGUE. This begins— Al manner of men should hold God’s biddings. The part of the decalogue relating to God, is treated in twelve chapters; that relating to man in twenty-eight. Fol. 9—27. 1v. Ox Farrg, Hope, AND CHARITY. It begins— For it is said in holding of our holiday. This is a work in six chapters, but does not exceed six pages. Fol. 27—380.
v. 1. OF THE SEVEN Works or Bopuy Mercy. It begins—If a man were sure that to-morrow he should come before a judge. Fol. 30—85.
v. 1. OPERA CARITATIS. Beginning—Sith we should serve our parishioners in spiritual alms. Fol. 835—38. This piece, and the two preceding, are in the library of New College, Oxford.
vit. SEPTEM PEccaTA CAPITALIA. Beginning—Since belief teacheth us that every evil is either sin or cometh of sin. This is the work of which an account is given from the copy in the Bodleian in the preceding pages. See pp. 66—71. It extends, in the MS. from page 38 to 63.
vir. Dr EccLesiA Er MEMBRIS Ejus. This work is also in the British Museum, and for an account of it see pp. 74—79 of this volume. Fol. 63 to 75.
Ix. DE Arostasia ET DoraTioNE EccLEsLe. It begins—Since each Christian man is holden. It exhibits, as the title suggests, the doctrine of Wycliffe concerning the evils of ecclesiastical endowments. Fol. 76—80. X. TRACTATUS DE PSEUDO Freris. It begins— For many beren heavy that friars be called pseudo, or hypocrites. Yt consists of arguments against the peculiarities of the religious orders. Fol. 81— 95.
xi. Or THE Ei6ET WOES THAT Gop WisHED TO Friars. Beginning— “Christ biddeth us beware with these false prophets.” This piece relates to the same subject with the preceding, but consists of a parallel between the Pharisees and the mendicants. Fol. 95—101.
xm. EanEssus JESUS DE TEMPLO. It begins—This Gospel telleth much wisdom that is hid to many men. Homily on Matt. xxiv. Also, in Trinity College, and C. C. C. Cambridge. This is a detached homily. In the volume of homilies in the British Museum, Bib. Reg. 18 B. ix. p. 175, is the following passage— All our west land is with one pope or the other, and he that is with the one hateth the other and all his. And yet hypocrites feign that all this is for charity, but this hypocrisy is worse than the sin before.” The first part of this sentence, it seems, is in the Dublin MS., and comparison would probably show that it is merely a strayed postil. Fol. 101—116.
xm. Or ANTICHRIST AND HIS MEYNEE, or train—followers. This begins
—David saith, Lord, set thou a law-maker upon me. This is probably the tract mentioned under the title DE AwricHRISTO ET MEMBRIS. But the latter piece, according to Bale, begins— Quemadmodum Dominus Jesus ordinavit. Fol. 116—124.
xiv. Or ANTICHRIST’S SoNG IN THE CHURCH. It begins—4 so prelates, priests, and friars, put on simple men, that they say that God’s office or service be not to be sung with note. Fol. 124—126.
xv. Or PRAYER, A TREATISE. Beginning—Also bishops and friars putten to poor men that they say, &c. This piece ends on the next fol., 127.
xvi Nota pe CoNFESsIONE. This work extends to eleven pages, and begins— Two virtues be in man’s soul, by which a man should be ruled. Fol. 127—138.
xvn. CHRIST, FORSOOTH, DID ALL THAT HE COULD TO OBEY Lorps. This is the beginning of a tract without title, ending on the same page.
xvm. NorA DE SACRAMENTO ALTARS. It begins— Christian men’s belief, taught of Jesus Christ, God and man.—Fol. 188—145.
XIX. CHRYSOSTOM SAITH, THAT FISHERS AND BUYSTOUSE MEN, MAKING EACH DAY NETS. This is the beginning of a piece without a title. It does not exceed two pages. Fol. 146.
xx. Sr. BERNARD SPEAKETH THUS TO THE PoPE. This is the beginning of another piece without title. Fol. 146—132.
xxi. Gop MOVETH HoLy CHURCH BY MANY MANNER OF SPEECHES TO ENOW. This also is the beginning of a piece without title. It consists of a dialogue between Christ and Satan. Fol. 152—154.
XXI. NEITHER MAN NOR WOMAN MAY PERFECTLY DO THE SEVEN WORKS OF MERCY—Clerks know that a man hath five wits outward. These are the beginnings of pieces without title. They extend to little more than a page each. They appear to be shorter tracts on subjects which the Reformer had discussed more largely in other works, if indeed they are to be regarded as from his pen.
xxn. HERE ARE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PUT THAT ARE WRITTEN HERE-AFTER. The work which thus begins is without title. It extends over more than forty leaves—from page 164 to 218 of the volume: and I had taken this note of its extent at the time of examining it, but from some subsequent oversight I failed to describe it correctly in my former catalogue of the Wycliffe MSS. This is the piece which has been recently published by the Camden Society, under the editorship of Dr. Todd, librarian of Trinity College, Dublin. It is published under the title of “Wycliffes Apology,” but I have shown elsewhere that it is not a work of the Reformer’s. ^
[The reader will find this question discussed, and some other points at issue between Dr. Todd]
[and myself, in the Eclectic Review for January, 1543. Soon after that article appeared, a paper was]
xxiv. The following are the beginnings of three other short pieces, forming the conclusion of this volume. Jt is written in the first book of Holy Writ, that there were three patriarchs. These be the nine points that the Lord Jesus answered holy man. Of the deeds of mercy God will speak at the dreadful day. Fol. 218, 219.
LXV. In the Library of Trinity College, Cambridge, is a folio volume with the following works attributed to Wycliffe. MS. 826. c. 5, 8. They consist of scholastic treatises on philosophical and theological topics, and the uninitiated reader will be able to form a sufficient notion of their character from the account of the first three books of the Trialogus in the present volume.
1. DE ENTE CowwuNr.— 7n primis supponitur ens esse, hoc enim non probari potest nec ignorari ab aliquo. Fol. 1—9.
11. DE ENTE Privo. — Eztenso. ente secundum ejus marimam ampliationem, possibile est venari in tanto ambitu ens primum. Fol. 5—9.
nt. De PureaNDo ERRORES ET VERITATE IN COMMUNI. — Consequens est purgare errores. Fol. 15—28.
iv. DE PugGANDOo EnRORES ET UNIVERSALIBUS IN COMMUNI. — T’ractatu continentur dicta de universalibus.
v. 1. De UNivEnsALIBUS. — T’ractatus de universalibus continet zvi. capitula eujus primum. Fol. 28—37.
v. 1. DE TeMPORE. /n tractando de tempore sunt aliqua ex dictis superius capienda. Fol. 87—47.
v. 11. DE INTELLECTIONE DEL. Jllorum qua insunt Deo communiter quadam insunt sibi soli. Fol. 47—53.
vur. DE Scientia Dri. Ez dictis superius satis liquet quod scientiam quam Deus. Fol. 53—70.
ix. DE VoLrrioxE Dri. Tractando de volitione Dei quam oportet ex dictis supponere. Fol. 70—91.
x. DE PersoNARUM DISTINCTIONE. — Superest investigare de distinctione et convenientia personarum quas credimus plena fide. Fol. 931—115.
x1. Dk Ypgm. — Tractando de ydeis primo oportet querere si sunt. Fol. 115—122.
xm. DE PorENTIA PRopUCTIVA Dri — Veritatum quas Deus non potest renovare. Fol. 122—184.
[inserted in the British Magazine, purporting to show, that Mr. Lewis, the biographer of Wycliffe,]
[has left evidence among his private papers of being acquainted with the series of Dublin MSS. which]
[I had ventured to describe as unknown to him. But strange enough, the proof furnished by these]
[papers is, that Mr. Lewis did certainly possess some second-hand knowledge of the Dublin MSS. he]
[does mention, but that he possessed no knowledge whatever of those he does not mention! This was]
[precisely my impression of the matter, and this led me to describe my catalogue of the writings]
[of Wycliffe as containing mention of nearly forty M88. unknown to the Reformer’s biographers.]
xm. DE SERMONE DoMiNt IN nr PART. — Licet totum Evangelium. 184—141. LXVI. De UwivERSALIBUS. Eccl. Cathed. Lincoln. A. 9. LXVII. Dk zNTE Universal ET ATTRIBUTIS Divixis. Trin. LXVIII De Temports QuipprTATE. In the library of the church at Lincoln (A. 9.) is a part of this treatise under the TEMPORE. The manuscripts which follow are in the Imperial Library they are mentioned in Mr. Baber’s catalogue of the writings of prefixed to his edition of the Reformer’s New Testament, and from Denis’s Cat. of the Latin Theol. MSS. in the Imperial Library. LXIX. 1. DE Mimsonisus FRATRIBUS SE ExTOLLENTIBUS. This piece intitled DE PERFECTIONE STATUUM, are the same tract. ’ n De Sectis MowacHoRUM. It exists in the same intitled De concordatione Fratrum cum sect simplici Christi. m. De Quatuor Sects NovELLi. This tract is also intitled, PREVARICATIONE PRAECEPTORUM.. rv. DE FUNDATIONE SecTAnUM. v. DE SOLUTIONE SATHANE. vi. RESPONSIONES AD XIV. ARGUMENTA RADULPHI STRODI. vi. LITERA PARVA AD QUENDAM SOCIUM. vir. SrEcuLUM MILITANTS ECCLESLE. rix. DE ORATIONE ET ECCLESLE PURGATIONE. X. DE GRADIBUS CLERI. xl. DE GRADUATIONIBUS. xn. DE puosus aENIRIBUS HERETICORUM. The persons here nated heretics, are those who have contracted the guilt of either or apostacy. xm. DE QUATUOR INTERPRETATIONIBUS. xiv. SUPER IMPOSITIS ARTICULIS, and SOCII ARGUMENTUM CONTRA TEM, are different titles given to the same tract.
[« Radulphus Strodes, non Anglus sed Scotus, in Monasterio Dryburgh, provincie Teviotdale,]
[educatus, Ord. Fratrum Prsedicatorum, poeta-laureatus, Oxonii diu studuit, socios collegii Merto-]
[mensis, Galliam peragravit et Italiam, Syriam item Terram Sanctam, contra Wiclefi dogmata acri-]
[ter disputans circa a.c. 1370. Musices quoque fuit studiosus. Scripsit fabulas, panegyricos, con-]
[sequentiarum formulas, (Ven. 1517. 4to. impressas) summulas logicales, sophismatum strophas,]
[phantasma carmen elegiscum, itinerarium Terres Sanct, positiones et xiv. argumenta contra]
[Wiclefum opuscula. Fabricius. Bib. Med. Lat. lib. xviii. Baber. 41.]
xv. DE crrATIONIBUS FRIVOLIS ET ALIIS VERSUTIIS ÁNTICHRISTI. xvi. DE JURAMENTO ARNOLDI (DE GRANNARIO) COLLECTORIS PAPA. xvur DE sex JUGIs. A treatise upon the relative duties. xvm. DE ExmonTATIONE Novi Doctors. This is conjectured to be an exercise performed for the degree of Doctor in Divinity. xix. DE orpINE CHRrisTIANO. Twelve opinions subversive of the power of the pope were extracted from this book. MSS. Twini, A. 218. XX. DE VATICINATIONE. xx1. DiALogus INTER VERITATEM ET MENDACIUM. XXI. EPISTOLA, DE PECCATO IN SPIRITUM SANCTUM. XXm. LITERA PARVA AD QUENDAM SOCIUM. XXIV. EPISTOLA AD ARCHIEPISCOPUM CANTUAR. xxv. LiTERA AD EPiscoPUM LINCOLN. DE AMORE, SIVE DE QUINTUPLICI QUAESTIONE. xxvi DE EucHARISTIA ET PawrrENTIA. In this treatise Wycliffe opposes the doctrine of transubstantiation, and questions the use of auricular confession. xxvm. DE ocro QuzsTioNtBUs ProposiTis DiscrPULO. It is a letter upon the subject of tithes. xxvii. DE rRIPLICI VINCULO AMORIS. xxix. DE ORIGINE SECTARUM, and DE Novis ORDINIBUS, are the same tract under different titles. A part of this tract is in the Imperial Library at Vienna, intitled DE SECTARUM PERFIDIA. xxx. SuwwA THEOLOGICA. This title appeds in a very ancient manuscript catalogue of Wycliffe’s writings, which is in the Imperial Library at Vienna. The work here called Summa Theologica, is described as consisting of twelve chapters, the titles of which are as follows:—1. DE Manparis. iu. DE SrATU INNOCENTLE.” mi. Iv. v. DE Dominio. vi. De VERITATE ScriPTURE. vu. DE EccLEsiA. vm. De Orricio Reais. 1X. DE PosrarE Pare. x. DE Smown.4^ xr DE Apostasii. xm. De BLAsPHEMIA. The following are the titles of extinct works, or different names given to some of the preceding treatises. They are found in the lists published
[Biographia Wiclefiania, sive elenchus multorum ejus operum cum eorum initiis, unde Catalogi]
[Balei et Tanneri non parum supplevi et perfice possint. Inter alia disco, tractatus varios, qui nunc]
[separatim feruntur, partes esse Summe TAeologice nostri.—Verum id esse, vel horum librorum]
[initia comprobant Cod. Szec. XV. Denis, Cat. Lat. Theol. MSS. in Bib. Pal. Vind. 391. xli. In]
[C. C. College, Oxford, is a manuscript intitled—Qusedam abstracta ex Summá, doctoris Anglici,]
[Wiclefi. MS. 116. Baber.46. See XXXII. in this series.]
[5 See No. XXX. of this series. There are two copies of the De Dominio in the Imperial Library.]
[Forty-four opinions in the part of this treatise intitled De Dominio Civili, were condemned.]
[MS. Twini, A. 220.]
[See No. LXIII. of the preceding series.]
[Thirty-four opinions in this tract were censured. MS. Twini, A. 217.]
by Bale, Tanner, and subsequent writers, than is here given: and they appear treatises or tracts on grammar, philosophy, questions. LXX. 1. QUESTIONES LOGICALES. n. LoaicA DE SINGULIS. n. LoGICA DE AGGREGATIS. IV. DE PROPOSITIONIBUS TEMPORALIBUS. v. DE INSOLUBILIBUS. VI. DE ExcLUSIVIS EXCEPTIVIS. vi. Dz causaniBus. Pertractandum vi. DE coMPARATIVIS. — Consequens IX. DE coNpITIONALIBUS. Primo x. DE pissuncrivis. — Tertio sequitur XL DE COPULATIVIS ET RELATIVIS. Xu. GRAMMATICE TROPI Xm. METAPHYSICA VULGARIS. XiV. — DE UNIVERSO REALL xv. METAPHYSICA NOVELLA. xvi. DE SUMMA INTELLECTUALIUM. xvii. DE FORMIS IDEALIBUS. xvni DE SPIRITU QUOLIBET. xx1. DE SPECIEBUS HYPOTHETICIS. Xx. DE ESSE INTELLIGIBILI CREATURE. xxi — DE ESSE SUO PROLIXCO. xxm. DE ARTE SOPHISTICA. xxnui DE UNA COMMUNIS GENERIS ESSENTIA. xxiv. DE ESSENTIA ACCIDENTIUM. xxv. DE TEMPORIS AMPLIATIONE. xxvi. DE PHYSICA NATURALI. xxvi. DE INTENTIO PHYSICA. xxvm. DE MATERIA ET FORMA. Cum xxix. DE MATERIA CELESTIUM. — xxx. DE RARITATE ET DENSITATE. xxxi. DE Mota LocALl. — Sequitur xxxn. DE vELOCITATE MOTUS LOCALIS. xxxm. DE CENTRO INFINITI. The pieces thus described appear probably, short tracts, or detached parts and philosophy, embracing, as before in the first and second books of the Trialogus.
denote works more strictly theological, exhibited many of the distinctive opinions xxxiv. DIALOGUS DE FRATRIBUS. XXXV. JOHANNES A RURE CONTRA Deum verum precor. xxxvi. DE CHARITATE FRATERNA. Premum xxxvH. DEMONUM £STUS IN SUBVERTANDA Deus homines disponit. xxxvmr DE DiABoLo MILLENARIO. Cum xxxix. DE PERVERSO ANTICHRISTI DOGMATE. doceant Dei verbum. XL. DEFENSsI0 CONTRA IMPIO0S. Evangelii XLI. CoNTRA P. STokEs. XLI. RESPONSIO AD ARGUMENTA MONACHI xu. CoNTRA MoNACHUM DUNELMENSEM. xL. — DE maraTte CHRISTI. XLV. DE UNICO SALUTIS ÁGNO. XLVI. CHRISTUS ALIUS NON EXPECTANDUS. xiLvu. DE HUMANITATE CHRISTI xLvin. DE DEFECTIONE A CHRISTO. XxLiX. DE FIDE ET PERFIDIA. L. DE FIDE SACRAMENTORUM. LL DE FIDE EVANGELIL LIL CONSTITUTIONES ECCLESLE. LUI. DE cENsURIS ECCLESLE. Quantum LIV. Dx sacEnporio LEvITICO. LV. DE sacEnporio CHRISTI. LVI. DE STATUENDIS PASTORIBUS AD LvO. SPECULUM CLERI PER DIALOGUM. Lvui. DE NON SAGINANDIS SACERDOTIBUS. honestatem. LIX. DE MINISTRORUM CONJUGIO. — LX. COGENDI SACERDOTES AD HONESTATEM. Dei lege. LXI. DE RITIBUS SACRAMENTORUM. LXII. DE QUIDDITE HOSTLE CONSECHATLE. xu. DE QUINTUPLICI EVANGELIO. LXIV. — DETERMINATIONES QUEDAM.
[Stokes was a Carmelite friar. He was commanded by the Archbishop of Canterbury to publish]
[at Oxford the condemnation which had been pronounced against the opinions of Wycliffe and]
[his disciples by the court assembled in the Preaching Friars.]
[This monk was named Ughtred Bolton, and had written several tracts against Wycliffe.]
LXV. DE TRINTTATE. — Superest investigare LXVI. DE EXCOMMUNICATIS ABSOLVENDIS. communicationis. LXVII. DISTINCTIONES RERUM THEOLOGICARUM. Lxvm. DE FONTE ERROREM. LXIX. DE FALSATORIBUS LEGE DIVINE. Postquam legem. LXX. DE IMMORTALITATE ANIME. LXXI. CEREMONIARUM CHRONICON. LXXm. DE CESSATIONE LEGALIUM. — Redeundo Lxxm. DE DILECTIONE. In quolibet homine Lxxiv. CoNcorDaNTLE DocToRUM. LXXV. DE CONTRARIETATE DUORUM DOMINORUM. et summus. Lxxvi. DE LEGE DIVINÁ., Ut de legibus loquar Lxxvn. DE NECESSITATE FUTURORUM. Lxxvn. DE oPERIBUS SPIRITUALIBUS. Quia LXxxix. DE OPERIBUS CORPORALIBUS. Si certus Lxxx. DE orDINE CHRISTIANO. LXXXI. DE ORDINARIA LAICORUM. LXXXI. DE ORDINE SACERDOTALL Quia presbyterorum Lxxxm. DE PURGATORIO PIORUM. Dona eis, LXXXIV. POSITIONES VARLE. LXXXV. REPLICATIONES ET POSITIONES. LXXXVI. DE PRASCITO AD BEATITUDINEM. LXXXVII. DE QUATERNARIO DOCTORUM. Lxxxvui Dk RELIGIOSIS PRIVATIS. Omnes Christiani Lxxxmx. DE sTUDio LECTIONIS. Malum est xc. DE SERVITUTE CIVILI. Cum secundum XCL THEOLOGLE PLACITA. xc. DE VIRTUTE oRANDI. Ut sabbatizatio xcut. CONTRA MONACHUM DE S. ALBANO. xciv. DE couposiTIONE HOMINIS. —T’ria enovent xcv. Dk HOMINE MISERO. xcvi. SCHOLIA SCRIPTURARUM. xcvu. GLoss SCRIPTURARUM. Xcvnt — GLOSSE vULGARES. xcix. GLoss MANUALES. c. GLOSSA NOVELLA. cr. COMMENTARII VULGARES. Stabat Johannes, Bat a probable that the six preceding titles ar» various
cn. LECTIONES IN DANIALEM.. cm. DE DOTATIONE ECCLESLE, and DE DOTATIONE CAESAREA, different titles of the same work, beginning— Utrum clerus debuerit dotationem. civ. Dk ANTICERISTO ET MEMBRIS. Quemadmodum Dominus cv. IrERUM DE ANTICHRISTO. Nota quod Antichristus 4 com. cvi. SPEcuLUM MILITANTS EccLEsue. Cum identitas mater fastidii. CVIL DE PERFECTIONE EVANGELICA. Primo fratres dicunt religionem. cvm. DE orrici PAsTORALI. Cum duplex debeat esse officium. CIX. De SmMoN1A sacErRDOTUM. — Heu magni sacerdotes in tenebris: cx. SUPER PENITENTIUS INJUNGENDIS. Pro eo quod curatorum officium sit. CXL DE piviTE APUD MARCUM. Cum egressus esset in viam salvator. cxmn. DE REMISSIONE FRATERNA. Si autem peccaverit in te frater. cxm. DE TRIBUS SAGITTIS. — Quisquis mente tenere cupit quid. cxiv. — Dk ECCLESIA CATHOLICA. Sunt sacerdotes qui certis rationibus. CXV. DE MANDATIS Diviwis.— Praemissa sententia de Domino. Cxvi CONCIONES DE MogrE. — Beati qui in Domino moriuntur. cxvn. De PEccari FUGIENDIS. Dum fides nos doceat malum quodlibet. cxvni DE ABLATIS RESTITUENDIS. Quaritur 1 utrum omnium cxi. DE SEDUCTIONE SIMPLICTUM. Septem sunt quibus decipiuntur simplices. CXX. DE 0CI0 ET MENDACITATE. A manuum labore excusantur fratres. CXXI. — IN SYMBOLUM FIDEL — Certum est fidem esse omnium virtutum. cxxm. SUPER SALUTATIONE ANGELICA. Solent homines Christissaram salutare. CXxm. AD SIMPLICES SACERDOTES. — Videtur meritorium bonos colore. CXXIV. AD QUINQUE QUESTIONES. Quidam fidelis in Domino quarit. CXXV.. SUPPLEMENTUM TRIALOGI Cxxvi. DE TRINO AMORIS VINCULO. CXXVI. CONTRA CONCILIUM TERRE MOTUS. cxxvm. DE SOLUTIONE SATANE. CXXIX. DE SPIRITU QUOLIBET. CXXX. OMNIS PLANTATIO. CXXXI. Sr QUIS SITIT.
[These words are the commencement of the piece entitled ” The Last Age of the Church,”]
[of which mention will be made elsewhere.]
cxxx. DE coNFESSIONE LATINORUM. cxxx. DE CHRISTIANORUM BAPTISMO. cxxxiv. DE crLavis reaN1 Di. cxxxv. DE CLAVIUM POTESTATE. cxxxvi. DE HOMINE MISERO. cxxxvil. CONTRA CRUCIATUM PAPAE. cxxxvm. DE LEGIBUS ET VENENO. CXXXIX. COLLECTIONES CONTRA DoMINICANOS. CXL. RESPONSIONES ARGUMENTORUM. CXLI. AD RATIONES KYNINGHAM. CxLm. CONTRA BYNHAMUM MONACHUM. CxLmi —— REPLICATIONES ET POSITIONES. cxurv. DE BULLIS PAPALIBUS. CXLV. DE VERITATE ET MENDACIO. CXLVI. DE PREVARICATIONE PRECEPTORUM. cxLvn. DIALOGORUM SUORUM. cxLvm. DE VERA INNOCENTIA. cxLix. DE vi. pons Sprarrus Sacri. CL. DE vERSATIIS PSEUDO CLERI. CLI. Or WEDLOCK. CLII. Tur Lire or THE VIRGIN MARY.
Book Section Being 80me Account of the First, Second, and Third Books of the Trialogus
The work of our Reformer which bears the name of the Trialogus, is so called because it consists of a series of colloquies between three speakers. The names of these speakers are ArrrBiA, PsEupis, and Paronesis—or Truth, Falsehood, and Wisdom. The opinions and reasonings of Alithia, accordingly, are to be regarded as those of Truth; those of Pseudis as being the contrary of truth; while in the person of Phronesis, Wycliffe himself speaks; and in setting forth his judgment on the points at issue, he generally assigns such reasons for his opinions as tend to expose the sophistry of Pseudis, and to sustain the views of Alithia..
Many of the opinions discussed are not of a nature to interest a modern reader, and the debates relating to such opinions are valuable chiefly as they serve to illustrate the history of theological speculations. In many instances, also, the method of the argumentation is not more to our taste than the matter of it. It was one of the peculiarities of the scholastic. process of reasoning, that in attempting to establish any doctrine, full expression should be given to every conceivable form of objection against it; and though it often happened from this cause, that the disputant raised the spirit of the doubter, without being well able to lay it again, the practice itself served to whet the faculties, and to bring them to their office with the greatest degree of circumspection and force. Thus in the Trialogus, the language of Pseudis gives expression to the captious and sceptical spirit of the middle age on the great questions relating to philosophy, morals, and theology; while the speeches of Alithia and Phronesis, embody the sounder views of those times on such subjects, and along with the opinions generally received, come those bolder utterances which distinguish the writings of Wycliffe as those of a Reformer.
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